Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Monopulse: Secondary Surveillance Radar
Monopulse: Secondary Surveillance Radar
SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE
RADAR
Mode S Introduction
PSR offers :
Range (Distance = Velocity x Time) [c=3x108 m/sec]
Azimuth angle (Inherent from the time of transmission)
Radial velocity (Doppler Processing)
PSR Limitations:
Range Limitations (Very weak reply)
Clutter Problem (Undesired returns)
Identification?, Flight Level?
Surveillance Current
Environment
Voice
Position
Reports
Air
Traffic
Services
Primary
Radar
Secondary
Radar
Surveillance Future
Environment
Automatic
Dependant
Surveillance
(ADS)
Air
Traffic
Services
Secondary
Radar
VHF Data Link
SSR Operation
5423
Antenna
Mode A
P1 P2
P3
20.3s
8s
Mode C
P1 P2
P3
21s
20.3s
Transponder
Altimeter
Identity
Height
5423
MODES
Use
P1-P3
1
Military Mission
3S
2
Military Aircraft
5S
3/A
Common Ident
8S
B
Civilian Ident
17S
C
Flight Level
21S
D
Un-allocated
25S
P1 P2
P3
Interrogation
Reply
Range
F1
Code
F2
P1
P1
P2
P2
P3
P3
P1
P2
P3
P1
17S
Mode B
P1
Sum
Radiation
Beam
P3
P2
P2
P1 P3
21S
Mode C
P1
P2
P3
P2
suppress
0dB
P2
undetermined
P1
P2
repl
y
P2
Control
Radiation
Beam
-9dB
P3
Control
Radiation
Beam
P3
SUM
9dB down
SUM = CONTROL
CONTROL
4.35S
0.45S
F
1
C
1
A
1
C
2
A
2
C
4
A
4
B
1
D
1
B
2
D
2
B
4
D
4
F
2
S
P
I
C
1
A
1
C
2
B
2
D
4
1 2 3 4
A
F
2
Monopulse Operation
Boresight
Sum Amplitude
Diff
Amplitude
OBA
Why Mode S?
Selective Interrogation
To reduce the problems of conventional SSR
Fruit & Garbling
Mode S is designed
To support ACAS
To be compatible with conventional SSR
Mode S Operation
Mode S is
Selective (S=Select) providing an individual address
capability
Gives Reduction in RF pollution
SSR
MODE A/C
A/C
Transponder
P3
MODE A
P1
P3
MODE C
P1
P3
P4
MODE A
only ALL-CALL
P1
P3
P4
MODE C
only ALL-CALL
INTERMODE
P1
P3
P4
MODE A/S
ALL-CALL
P1
P3
P4
MODE C/S
ALL CALL
P1
P2
P6
MODE S
(Short)
16.25 sec
MODE S
P1
P2
P6
30.25 sec
MODE S
(Long)
Mode S
Transponder