FLOODS

PRESENTED BY:NIHARIKA
B.COM- 4TH D
1422122008

FLOODS

Floods occur when land that is

usually dry is submerged by large
amount of water
It is an overflow of water bodies.
it may also be described as the inflow
of tides

CAUSES:
Natural causes

NATURAL CAUSES
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL: occur where rain water is

unable to seep into ground quickly

STORM SURGES: occur when strong winds raise
waves of oceans exceptionally high
MELTING SNOW
MOVEMENT OF EARTHS SURFACE
GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES
FAILURE OF DAMS
NATURAL HAZARDS LIKE WILDFIRE

HUMAN CAUSES:
CLEARING OF FOREST
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
ENHANCED GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

PRINCIPAL TYPES

CATASTROPHIC: usually associated with major

infrastructure failure, such as collapse of dams.
URBAN FLOODING: it is the inundation of land
or property, particularly in more densely
populated areas.
ESTUARINE AND COASTAL: commonly caused
by combination of sea tides.
AREAL: can happen on flat or low lying areas
where water is supplied by rainfall or snowmelt
more rapidly that it can run off.

EFFECTS:
Loss of life
Damage to buildings and other structures
Loss of power
Loss of drinking water treatment or svere
water contamination
Results the risk of waterbourne diseases such
as cholera, typhoid etc.
Making land unfertile
Loss of some tree species
Economic hardships due to decline in tourism

Benefits:
Recharging

ground water
Making soil fertile
Provides much needed water to
arid and semi arid regions
It can spread nutrients to lakes
and rivers lead to increased
biomass and improved fisheries
Visibility of hydropower is also
higher in flood prone regions.

METHODS TO CONTROL:
Dams
Water-gate
Diversion canals
Taking prior steps in regions which are more

prone to floods
Terracing hillslides
Planting vegetation to retain extra water

Flood Zones on India map