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Introduction To Cleaner Production (CP) Concepts and Practice
Introduction To Cleaner Production (CP) Concepts and Practice
CLEANER PRODUCTION
(CP) CONCEPTS AND
PRACTICE
Prepared by the Institute of
Environmental Engineering
(APINI) Kaunas University of
Technology, Lithuania
Contents
1. How did environmental strategies evolve?
2. What is CP?
3. How CP is applied in practice:
CP practices
Benefits and barriers
Procedures
Course Objective
At the completion of this course the participants
will have understanding of :
-
Passive environmental
strategies
Dilute & disperse
Reactive environmental
strategies
end-of-pipe approaches
Reactive environmental
strategies
On - site recycling
Proactive environmental
strategies:
Cleaner Production
Prevention of Waste
generation:
- Good housekeeping
- Input substitution
- Better process control
- Equipment modification
- Technology change
- On-site recovery/reuse
- Production of a useful byproduct
- Product modification
What is waste?
There are literally hundreds words for
different types of waste:
allowance
BOD
broke
contaminated
solids
core loss
customer returns
damage
draining
dust
effluent
evaporation
furnace loss
greenhouse loss
hidden losses
leakage
non-conforming material
overfill
packaging
process loss
rework
second quality
stock loss
washings
and etc.
!!!
Waste is waste what
ever you call it : take
the opportunity to cut
waste and increase
profits!
ny
pa
Im
Lia
bil
ity
m
Co
10
We have
identified our
waste and
monitoring it
We plan to
reduce waste
Waste is cost
and regulatory
issue
Waste is only
disposal issue
Waste is not an
issue
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12
Preventive
Integrated
Processes
STRATEGY for
Services
Humans
Risk Reduction
Environment
13
Properly implemented CP :
always
reduces long-term
liabilities which
companies can face
many years after
pollution has been
generated or
disposed at a given
site
14
Properly implemented CP :
usually
increases profitability
lowers production costs
enhances productivity
provides a rapid return on any capital or
operating investments required
Properly implemented CP :
usually
(continuation)
Properly implemented CP :
often
avoids regulatory compliance costs
leads to insurance savings
provides enhanced access to capital
from financial institutions and lenders
is fast and easy to implement
requires little capital investment
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CP versus End-of-Pipe
approach
Cleaner Production
Continuous improvement
Elimination of environmental
problems at their source
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Increasing
economical benefits
Continuous
environmental
improvement
Gaining competitive
advantage
Increasing productivity
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CP barriers
Internal to the companies:
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CP barriers
External to the companies:
The failure
of existing
regulatory
approaches
-Difficulty in
accessing
cleaner
technologies
-Difficulty in
accessing
external
finance
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Improvements in productivity
and competitiveness
Environmental management
systems
and
continuous
improvement
Environmental leadership
Corporate environmental
reports
- Environmental accounting
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Innovative
regulation
Economic
incentives
Education
and
training
Buyer
supplier
relations
- Soft loans
from
Financial
institutions
-
Community
involvement
International
trade
incentives
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The role of
international organizations in CP
development
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
United Nations Industrial Development
Organisation (UNIDO)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD)
World Business Council for Sustainable
Development (WBCSD)
Development Finance Institutions (DFIs)
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The second
step
The third
step
The fourth
step
Planning and
Organization
Assessment
Phase
Feasibility Analysis
Phase
Implementation
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2. A ssessment
Identify sources
Identify waste/
pollution causes
Generate possible
options
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Raw
Materials
Power
The Industrial
Process
Cooling
The
Energy
Balance
Products
& Waste
The
Mass
Balance
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Choice &
Quality of
Input Materials
Management
Planning &
Information
Systems
Technical
Status of
Equipment
Process
Personnel
Skills &
Motivation
Product
Specifications
Process
Efficiency
Wastes &
Emissions
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Find facts
Identify the problem
Generate ideas to solve the problems
Define criteria to be used to select solutions/ideas
Good housekeeping
Interesting options but more analysis is needed
Waiting box + Rejected
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CP assessment practices
Good
Housekeeping
Equipment
Modification
On-site
Recovery/
Reuse
Input
Substitution
Process
Production of
Useful
By-Product
Better Process
Control
Technology
Change
Product
Modification
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3. Feasibility Studies
Preliminary evaluation
Technical evaluation
Economic evaluation
Environmental evaluation
Selection of feasible
options
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Payback Period
Capital investment
_____________________________
Payback period =
Annual operating cost savings
- period of time
(years) needed to
generate enough
cash flow to recover
the initial
investment
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4. Implementation &
Continuation
Prepare a CP plan
Implement feasible CP
measures
Monitor CP progress
Sustain Cleaner
Production
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CP management system
Marketing
Top management
commitment
Pre-assessment
CP policy
declaration
Start CP project
Top Management reviews
Final report
Measure progress
The continuous
CP loop
Project implementation
Assessment report
Project organisation
Assessment
CP options
Feasibility analysis
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Corporate decision-making
Local environmental
monitoring
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HEALTH
NEW
REGULATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL
ACCIDENTS
HEALTH
RISKS
REPUTATION
LIABILITY
CLEAN-UP
BUSINESS VALUE
INSURANCE
PRODUCT SALES
CLAIMS
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improving
environmental
performance
by
the
implementation of no-cost and low-cost measures from
the companys funds
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Environmental investment
opportunities
loans to enterprises to finance required or desired
investments in technologies resulting in direct and
indirect environmental benefits
loans to municipalities to finance investments in
environmental infrastructure
loan
guarantees
to
both
enterprises
and
municipalities for soft credits from national or
regional environmental funds for environmental
investments
loans
to
finance
businesses
environmental goods and services
providing
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cost effectiveness
increased process efficiency
improved product quality and enterprise competitiveness
cost of final treatment and disposal is minimized
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Broader application of CP
CP is closely linked to:
Environmental Management
Systems
Total Quality Management
Health and Safety
Management
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Economic Instruments
Factor X
Co-regulatory agreements
Responsible
Entrepreneurship
Eco-efficiency
Cleaner Production
Agenda 21
Government
Agenda
Business
Agenda
Sustainable
development
EHS
ICC
Auditing
Charter
EMS
Time
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!!!
CP is
a journey
not a
destination
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An understanding of
the business value to be
gained from efficient use
of natural resources is an
important first step
toward sustainability:
toward building a world in which resources
are managed to meet the needs of all
people now and in the future.
(J. Lash, President of
the World Resources Institute)
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