Internet Protocols

Dr A K srivastava

The data flow in Internet

Communication protocol
In
order
for
computers
to
communicate with one another, they
must agree on a set of rules. This set
of rules is a protocol
Different programs can use different
protocols and Protocols may be in
ASCII (characters) or in binary

Internet protocol suite

TheInternet protocol suiteis the computer
networking
model
and
set
of
communicationsprotocolsused on theInternetand
similar computer networks.
It is commonly known as TCP/IP, from Transmission
ControlProtocol(TCP) and the Internet Protocol(IP).
Theprotocolstack is an implementation of a
computer networkingprotocol suite. The terms are
often used interchangeably. Thesuiteis the
definition of theprotocols, and the stack is the
software implementation of them.

OSI- ISO Model

TheOpenSystemInterconnection
(OSI) model definesa networking
framework to implement protocols in
seven layers. In the OSI model,
control is passed from one layer to
the next, starting at the application
layer in one station, and proceeding
to the bottom layer, over the channel
to the next station and back up the
hierarchy.

Layers in OSI model

IP address and Protocol

Every machine on a network has a unique identifier.
Computers use the unique identifier to send data to
specific computers on a network.
Most networks today, including all computers on
theInternet, use the TCP/IP protocol as the standard
for how to communicate on the network. In the
TCP/IP protocol, the unique identifier for a computer
is called its IP address.
There are two standards for IP addresses: IP Version
4 (IPv4) and IP Version 6 (IPv6). All computers with
IP addresses have an IPv4 address, and many are
starting to use the new IPv6 address system as well.

IP Address
IP" stands for Internet Protocol, so an IP
address is an Internet Protocol address.
An Internet Protocoladdress(IP address) is
a numerical label assigned to each device
(e.g., computer, printer) participating in a
computer network that uses the Internet
Protocol
for
communication.
AnIP
addressserves two principal functions: 3
Host or network interface identification and
location addressing

Format of IP Address
Theformat of an IP addressis a 32bit numericaddresswritten as four
numbers separated by periods. Each
number can be zero to 255. For
example, 1.160.10.240 could be
anIP address. Within an isolated
network,
you
can
assignIP
addressesat random as long as each
one is unique.

Format of IP address