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Looking at Data: Relationships: Correlation
Looking at Data: Relationships: Correlation
relationships
- Correlation
IPS chapter 2.2
r = -0.75 r = -0.75
"Time to swim" is the explanatory variable here, and belongs on the x axis.
However, in either plot r is the same (r=-0.75).
"r" has no unit r = -0.75
Changing the units of variables does
not change the correlation coefficient
"r", because we get rid of all our units
when we standardize (get z-scores).
Strength: how closely the points
follow a straight line.
Direction: is positive when
individuals with higher X values
tend to have higher values of Y.
When variability in one
or both variables
decreases, the
correlation coefficient
gets stronger
( closer to +1 or -1).
Correlation only describes linear
relationships
No matter how strong the association,
r does not describe curved relationships.
Estimate r.
r = 0.94
(in 1000’s)