PROGRAMMED

INSTRUCTION
Presented By,
Minnu Rajeev
1st B.Ed
English
Pedagogy

PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
It is one of the important innovations of the

20th
century in the teaching learning process.

It is the application of the principles of

behavioural
science and technology in the field of
education.

 Teachers role is behind the curtain. It is done

by the programme.
Learning experiences are provided in a

sequential order.
Self instructional and self corrective.
A new path in individualized instruction.

Definition
Programmed learning is a process of
arranging material to be learned in a series of
small steps designed to lead a learner through
self- instruction from the known to the
unknown.
There are two types of programming :
Linear or extrinsic programming.
Branched or intrinsic
programming.

Linear programming
B.F Skinner is the exponent of linear

programming.
According to him an individual can be guided

to a decent behaviour by means of a series of

carefully structured small steps on the
condition that each corrected step is
immediately reinforced by some kind of
favourable experience or reward. The process
of rewarding the correct response act as a

Major characteristics of linear

programming
Knowledge presented in small steps.
Learner respond actively to each steps.
Immediate reinforcement.
Self- pacing is possible. Each individual can
proceed at his own rate.
The learner always gives correct response.

Frame 1

Frame 2
Correct answer.
Reinforcement.
Next bit of
information.
Question.
Space for response.

Small bit of
information.
Questions based on the
information.
Space for response.

Frame 3

Correct answer.
Reinforcement.
Next bit of information.
Questions .
Space for response.

Branched Programming
It was developed by Norman A Crowder.
Each frame is relatively bigger in size and may contain 2 or

3 ideas of related sequences. A single question is asked at

the end of the frame to test whether the learner has
followed the content or not.
If the answer is correct the learner is then taken to the

next frame in the main teaching sequence. If the answer is

wrong , he is taken to the remedial frame where his mistake
is explained and the topic under consideration is further
explained.

According to Crowder branched programme is

like a human tutor and talks back to the

student.
Branching can be arranged in two ways :

Backward branching
Forward branching

Backward
Branching
Main stream
Frame 1

Frame 2

Branching
Remedia
l
Frame

Remedia
l
Frame
Remedi
al
Frame

The learner can go from the first frame to the

second frame only if he makes correct

response.
If he makes an error, is lead to the remedial

frame.
After giving remedial frame he will then be

directed again to the original frame ( previous

frame ) .
After giving the correct answer he is directed

to the next frame.

Forward Branching
Main stream
Frame 1

Frame 2

Remedia
l
Frame

Branching

Remedi
al
Frame

Remedi
al
Frame

In this type of branching whether the learner

is making correct response or wrong response,

he will always be going to new pages or
frames.
When he makes a wrong choice he is directed

to a remedial frame and from there he is

directed to the next frame in the main
teaching sequence.

..THANK YOU..