Alcatel BTS

Training
Program
Khalid Mahmood

BTS Role in
GSM Network

The BTS provides two-way radio

communication between the PSTN
and Mobile Station (Mobile Set)
located in a single GSM cell. It also
provides a similar link between the
mobile station and the rest of the
networks. The BTS provides on
interface for the digital baseband
signals used by the land based

Logical position of BTS

in BSS

BTS in BSS with

GPRS
For system incorporating GPRS
some additional components
are required as shown the
below figure. An MFS is placed
in the system between the BSC
and SGSN. The MFS contains a
number of PCUs, one of which

Logical position of BTS in BSS with

GPRS

SGSN (serving GPRS support

node)

A serving GPRS support node (SGSN) is

responsible for the delivery of data packets
from and to the mobile stations within its
geographical service area. Its tasks include
packet routing and transfer, mobility
management (attach/detach and location
management), logical link management, and
authentication and charging functions. The
location register of the SGSN stores location
information (e.g., current cell, current VLR)
and user profiles (e.g., IMSI, address(es)
used in the packet data network) of all GPRS

Functional
Architecture of
BTS

Functional Architecture of
BTS

Channel Organization
RF signals over the Air interface carry traffic
and signaling/Control channels which are
organized
according
to
GSM
recommendations.
The
allocation
and
control of these channels are managed by
the BTS functions.
Radio
Resource
Management
function
controls and organize radio resources to
meet current operational needs of both the
networks and individual.

BTS
Functions

As the principal interface between the PSTN and

Mobile Stations, the BTS performs four primary
functions.
Transmission function, which manage the transfer
of traffic and control data between the BTS and
BSC.
Telecommunication functions, which manage the
transfer of traffic and control data between the BTS
and Mobile Station.
O&M function, which supervise the operation of
Communication between the transmission,
thetelecommunication,
BTS.
and O&M functions is managed
Support
which
provides
a functions
logical and
accordingfunction,
to the OSI
model.
The BTS
are
physical
environment
which the
BTS
functions
concerned
with layer 1in(Physical),
Layer
2 (Data
Link),
canand
be Layer
realized.
3 (Network) of this

Transmission Functions

To minimize operating costs, all data passed

between the BTS and BSC in Time division
multiplexed onto a single physical interface. This is
the Abis Interface, which carries all the data sent
between the BSC and BTS. Logical links between
the BSC and BTS handles the following information:
Signaling data used for control purposes
O&M data for the BTS transmission
module
O&M data for the BTS entities
User data in the form of speech and
data traffic.

Transmission Functions

To minimize operating costs, all data passed

between the BTS and BSC in Time division
multiplexed onto a single physical interface. This is
the Abis Interface, which carries all the data sent
between the BSC and BTS. Logical links between
the BSC and BTS handles the following information:
Signaling data used for control purposes
O&M data for the BTS transmission
module
O&M data for the BTS entities
User data in the form of speech and
data traffic.

Abis Interface:

For BTS and BSC multiplexing equipment is

normally connected using dedicated cabling.
Other method of Abis Interface connection can
be used for BTS, where the installation of the
dedicated cabling in not possible. In this case,
control of the transmission medium is in the
hands
of third
party.
Microwave
Link
(used where line of sight radio path
is available.
Leased Line (Copper Cable or Fiber Optic used
where the distance between the BSC and BTS is too
great for microwave).

Telecommunication Function

There are two primary telecommunication

functions:
Baseband Functions:
Based band funcations modulate and encode traffic
and signaling data from the BSC according to GSM
recomendaitos. This data is then sent to the Mobile
Stations using the RF function. Traffic and signaling
received from the Mobile Stations is demodulated
and decoded to recover the baseband data.

Telecommunication Function

RF Function:
RF functions enable traffic and signaling to be sent
and received over the Air Interface as a radio signal.
A special link layer protocol ensures the reliable
transfer of signaling data over the Air Interface.
For antenna Diversity, the telecommunication
function uplink path is duplicated. The duplicated
functions intend from the antennas, through the RF
functions.

O&M Functions
O&M functions monitor and control the correct
operation of the BTS and its external interfaces.
These function are shared between the BTS and BSC.
The BSC provides overall control.
The O&M function use Layer 2 links for BTS internal
communications. A terminal connected via an MMI is
used for local operator control of the BTS.
There are four categorized of O&M function:
Configuration Management
Fault Management
Dedicated Alarm and Control Handling
External Alarm Handling.
The O&M function also control the operation of the RF
self-tests and manage the actions required by the
BTS recovery Strategy.

Support Function
The support function provides a number of services
relevant to the internal working of the BTS are:
Clock generation and distribution.
External alarm collection.
Internal self tests.

Introduction
of Alcatel
BTS

BTS Circuit
Breakers
(BCB)
Network Interface
Card
External Alarm Circuit
Board (EACB)

Shelf # 5

Combiners
Shelf # 4

TRE

Shelf # 3

Shelf # 2

SUMA Card

Shelf # 1

External Alarm Circuit

Board (EACB)

Network Interface
Card

BTS Circuit
Breakers
(BCB)

BTS Circuit
Breakers
(BCB)

External Alarm Circuit

Board (EACB)

Network Interface
Card

Lock Fastener

Equipment Label

Transmitter
Connector

Antenna
Connector

Receiver Connector

Module
Extractor

Lock Fastener
Transmitter
Connector
Equipment Label

Receiver Connector

Antenna
Connector

Module
Extractor

Module
Extractor
Transmitter
Connector

Equipment Label

ON/OFF Switch

USB Test
Connector
Receiver Connector

LEDs
Lock Fastener

BTS Connection
Area Connector
Abis Connector
Equipment Label
BTS Terminal
Connector
Test Connector
USB Connector

LEDs

Lock Fastener

SUMA Card Basic

Architecture

Remote Inventory
Cable
(RI Cable)

Remote Inventory
Cable
(RI Cable)

Cabinet Cooling Fan

Connect to
Alcatel BTS
Using BTSTerminal release

User Name
(COMMTE)

Password
(COMMTE)

Press Baud rate button to

set it

Select the appropriate

COM Port

Select Baud rate = 19200

Press F2 OR
Connect/Disconnect
button
OR File>Connect/Disconnect from
menu

Menu bar will be changed

on establishing successful
connection

Following windows will open

on establishing successful
connection

Monitor Active Alarm

External Active Alarms

Show Here

Show Hardware
Configuration (Ctrl H)

Select All

Select Appropriate
Module

Select OK

SUMA Card = OMU 1

Rack A (BTS Cabinet #

1)

Shelf # 2

Slot # 7

SBL Module States (F5)

SBL Module States (F5)

Antenna
0=A

Antenna
1=B

RA 1= Combiner 1
Sector A

VSWR Value=1.1
VSWR Value=1.2

SBL
Management

Read

Initializ
e

SBL
Management

Select Module

Reset

Disable
Restart

Execution
Result

Selected
Module Type

State of the Module

(NEQ/OPR/IT)

Modify
Hardware
Configuration

End Modification of HW
Configuration

Select Module
to Remove

Remove Module

Following window appears

(Cabling Detection in Progress)

Click Yes

OFF Line
Commissioni
ng

Switch OFF the BTS

cabinet and disconnect
Abis connectors from
DDF before offline start

Disconnect the Abis

connector from The DDF

Switch ON the BTS

cabinet breakers and
connect the Laptop at
the BTS Terminal using
MMI Cable

User Name
(COMMTE)

Password
(COMMTE)

Press F2 OR
Connect/Disconnect
button
OR File>Connect/Disconnect from
menu

Menu bar will be changed

on establishing successful
connection

Following windows will open

on establishing successful
connection

Restore Default

Warning Window
appears
Click OK to Restore
SUMA Card

Verify Qmux address

Press Yes to change it
Confirm Qmux address from OMCR
first

Go to
Commissioning->Download>BTS-SW
to download BTS software

Edit New Qmux address

Press Put button to
update

Updating Qmux
address

Press Browse to select

the path of
BM1SAW19.MSF file

Press Browse to select

the path of
AGC3AVWa.DDL file

Path Selection Window

Software download in
Progress
It may take up to 30
minutes

Initialization window open

when download complete

Receiving data window

open

Select appropriate option

from Frequency Brand
dropdown menu
1- Select GSM for GSM
cabinet
2- Select DCS1800 for DCS
cabinet
3- Select GSM for
GSM+DCS (Combined)
cabinet

Dont uncheck Bridge check

option and dont change
Sectors numbers
Press Save button in
Sector mapping window

Updating flash

Press Save in TMA Setting

window

Press
Settings->Transmission->Initial
Settings

Check Line impedance

for Abis1 & Abis2 =
75ohm

Reconfirm the Qmux

address
Verify Environment
Abis1 = Chain end
position

Verify Baud Rate = 1200

Verify CRC Check = ON

Press
Settings->Transmission->Board
Settings

Uncheck all TREs

press Transmit button

Press
Commissioning->Initialization->All
Sectors
to initialize BTS

Initialization of
Commissioning in progress

Press
Commissioning->Station
Unit Test
for Station Unit Test

Select Internal Loop

Station Unit Test in

progress

Following Results on
successful completion

Select External Loop

(Make Sure that the Abis # or 2 must be looped at
DDF

Abis # 1 Loop test failed because Abis # 1 not

Looped at DDF

Result window
appears

Now switch on the BTS

cabinet breakers and
through the site

Reconnect the Abis

connector at DDF by
verifying the TX/RX
cables properly

Reconnect the Abis

connector at DDF by
verifying the TX/RX
cables properly

Best Wishes
OFF Line
Commissioning is
Done Successfully

AN

Alcatel
A
Glossary

Antenna Network
B
BCB
BTS Control Bus
BSII
Base Station Controller
BSS
Base Station Subsystem
BTS
Base
Station
Transceiver
BTSW BTS-Terminal for Windows

C
Alcatel
CCF
Cabinet Cooling Fan
Glossary
CDM Configuration
Data
Message
CLEI
Common Language
Equipment
CLLK Clock Link
CPF
Configuration
Parameter File
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy
Check

Alcatel
Glossary

DC
DMA
Alarm
EQU

D
Direct Current
Deferred Maintenance
E
Equipped

Alcatel
F
Glossary

FIA
Format Identifier for
Application part of RI
FIM
Format Identifier
Manufacturing
FIT
Faulty In Traffic
FLT
Faulty
FOS
Faulty Out of Service

Alcatel
Glossary
I
ICS
IT
LDA
LRA

Item Change Status

In Traffic
L
Local Defence Action
Local Recovery Action

Alcatel
Glossary
M
MI
MSA
MSD
NEQ
NOP

Maintenance Information
MSD Auto
Maintenance Seized
N
Not Equipped
Not Operational

O&M
OMU
Unit
OMUA
OMUB
OP
OPR

Alcatel
O
Glossary

Operation and Maintenance

Operation and Maintenance
OMU A RIT
OMU B RIT
Operational
Operator

PADD
PMA

Alcatel
P
Glossary

Physical Address
Prompt Maintenance Alarm
R
RA
Radio Access
RF
Radio Frequency
RFH
Radio Frequency Hopping ( also known
as : Synthesizer Hopping )
RI
Remote Inventory
RIT
Replaceable Item
RX
Receiver or receive .....
RTC
Remote Tunable Combiner

Alcatel
Glossary
S
SBL
Security Block Level
SCFE Station Unit Control
Function Entity RIT
SOS
System Out of Service
SUM Station Unit Module
SUMP SUM PCM RIT
SW
Software

Alcatel
Glossary
T
TLV
Tag, Length, Value
TRE
Transceiver Module
(combined Transmitter / Receiver
functionality for base band and RF
signals)
TS
Timeslot
TX
Transmitter or transmit .....

VPMA
VSWR
WBC
WTC
XBCB
XCLK
XIOB

Alcatel
Glossary
V

Very Prompt Maintenance Alarm

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
W
Wide Band Combiner
Wait Traffic Clear
X
External BCB
External Clock
External Input Output Board