SPACE FRAME

CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION
A space frame is a structure system assembled of linear
elements so arranged that forces are transferred in a
three-dimensional manner.
In some cases, the constituent element may be
two-dimensional. Macroscopically a
space frame often takes the form of
a flat or curved surface.

HISTORY OF SPACE FRAME

SPACE FRAMES WERE INDEPENDENTLY DEVELOPED BYALEXANDER GRAHAM
BELLAROUND 1900 ANDBUCKMINSTER FULLERIN THE 1950S BUCKMINSTER
FULLER'S FOCUS WASARCHITECTURALSTRUCTURES; HIS WORK HAD GREATER
INFLUENCE.
IT WAS DEVELOPED IN CALIFORNIA DURING THE 1960S AND INTRODUCED TO THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MARKET IN 1982, SPECIFICALLY DEVELOPED FOR UNSTABLE SOIL
CONDITIONS, THE PANELS FORM A MONOLITHIC STRUCTURE OFFERING SUPERIOR
WALL STRENGTH IN WHICH NO CRACKING WILL OCCUR.
DESIGN METHOD
SPACE FRAMES ARE TYPICALLY DESIGNED USING ARIGIDITY MATRIX. THE SPECIAL
CHARACTERISTIC OF THESTIFFNESS MATRIXIN AN ARCHITECTURAL SPACE FRAME IS
THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE ANGULAR FACTORS.
IF THE JOINTS ARE SUFFICIENTLY RIGID, THE ANGULAR DEFLECTIONS CAN BE
NEGLECTED, SIMPLIFYING THE CALCULATIONS.

MATERIALS
MANY MATERIALS ARE USED FOR THESE SPACE FRAMES
STEEL

TIMBER

CONCRETE

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

TYPES OF TUBES
CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTION
HOLLOW SECTION

RECTENGULAR

TYPES OF SPACE FRAME

2.Classification by the arrangement of its elements
Single layer grid
Double layer grid
Triple layer grid

Single Layer Grid- All elements are located on the surface.

2.DOUBLE LAYER GRIDCOMMONLY USED SPACEFRAMES ARE DOUBLE LAYERED AND FLAT.
ELEMENTS ARE ORGANIZED IN TWO PARALLEL LAYERS WITH EACH OTHER AT A
CERTAIN DISTANCE APART.
EACH OF THE LAYERS FORM A LATTICE OF TRIANGLES, SQUARES OR
HEXAGONS IN WHICH THE PROJECTION OF THE NODES IN A LAYER MAY OVERLAP
OR BE DISPLACED RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER.

3.TRIPLE LAYER GRIDELEMENTS ARE PLACED IN THREE PARALLEL LAYERS, LINKED BY THE DIAGONALS.
THEY ARE ALMOST ALWAYS FLAT.
PRACTICALLY USED FOR A LARGER SPAN BUILDING.

TYPES OF CONNECTOR
. Nodus connector:
IT CAN ACCEPT BOTH RECTANGULAR AND CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS AND
THE CLADDING CAN BE FIXED DIRECTLY TO THE CHORDS.
CHORD CONNECTORS HAVE TO BE WELDED TO THE ENDS OF THE HOLLOW
MEMBERS ON SITE.

Triodetic connector:
Consists of a hub, usually an aluminum extrusion, with slots or key ways.

. Tuball node connector:

Hollow sphere made of spheroidal graphite.
End of the circular hollow section member to be connected is fitted at its ends by
welding
Connection from inside the cup is done using bolt and nut.

Hemispherical dome connector:

Usually use for double layer domes.
Has a span more than 40m.
More economical for long span.
The jointing is connect by sliting the end of the tube or rod with the joint fin.
Two types of joint: pentagonal joint and hexagonal joint.

APPLICATIONS
Industrial Buildings.
Exhibition Halls
Sports pavallions
Gymnasiums
Airports

ADVANTAGES
Light.
Elegant & Economical.
Carry load by three dimensional action.
High Inherent Stiffness.
Easy to construct.
Save Construction Time & Cost.
Services (such as lighting and air conditioning) can be
integrated with space frames.
Offer the architect unrestricted freedom in locating
supports and planning the subdivision of the covered
space.
Durable materials & protective finishes.
Construction is simple, safe and fast.
No Site Painting or Welding.

DISADVANTAGES
One major disadvantage is that they can be difficult to
engineer.
It's not straightforward to determine how forces will
distribute throughout a structure that has a lot of redundant
pieces.

THANK YOU
SUBMIT TED BY :
ETEE AGARWAL

HANISH RAJPUROHIT

GEETESH BHARDWAJ

HEENA PATIDAR

GOVIND M SUTHAR

JINI JHON

MAHIMA RAWAT