ALAT GERAK SISTEM

MUSKULOSKELETAL

Sasanthy
Kusumaningtyas
FKUI
Organisasi
Rangka

Posisi tubuh
Bidang dan arah
Istilah gerak
 ORIENTASI TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human

Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ORIENTASI TUBUH
BIDANG DAN SUMBU
TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ORIENTASI TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KLASIFIKASI TULANG

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012
 RANGKA
Aksial
Apendikula
r

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA AKSIAL:
TENGKORAK

NEUROCRANIUM

SPLANCHNOCRANIUM Calvaria
Basis cranii
Source: www.visiblebody.com
 RANGKA AKSIAL:
TENGKORAK

Calvaria
Source: www.visiblebody.com
 RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Basis cranii
Source: www.visiblebody.com
 RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Source: www.visiblebody.com SPLANCHNOCRANIUM

RANGKA AKSIAL:
TENGKORAK

Sinus paranasalis
Sinus maxillaris
Sinus frontalis
Sinus sphenoidales
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon
Sinus ethmoidales Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 Hyoid

Tidak bersendi tulang

apapun
Dihubungkan dengan
processus styloideus os
temporal melalui ligamen

Source: www.anatronica.com
RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE
STRUKTUR UMUM
RANGKA AKSIAL:
VERTEBRAE

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6
th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.
2012
RANGKA AKSIAL:
VERTEBRAE
 RANGKA AKSIAL:
COLUMNA VERTEBRAE
Lengkung normal
vertebrae:
Lengkung primer:
Kyphosis thoracalis
Kyphosis sacralis
Lengkung sekunder:
Lordosis cervical
Lordosis lumbal

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA
VERTEBRAE

Cervical lordosis Lumbar lordosis

Source: Van De Graaff. Human
Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw Hill.2001
 RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA
VERTEBRAE

Lig.longitudinale
Lig.supraspin anterior
osus
Discus
intervertebral
is

Lig.longitudinale
anterior

Lig.interspino
sus
Lig.flavu
m Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon
Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: SACRUM DAN
COCCYGIS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA AKSIAL:
THORAX

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady
Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th
ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA
TULANG-TULANG
GELANG
APENDIKULAR
BAHU
PANGGULEKSTREMITAS

Humerus Femur Clavicula Coxae

Radius Tibia Scapula
Ulna Fibula
Carpales Tarsales
Metacarpales Metatarsales
phalanges Phalanges
Regio:
Brachii
Antebrachii
Manus

Sendi:
Membrana interossea
Art. humeri antebrachii
Art. cubiti
Art. radiocarpea

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy.

3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
RANGKA APENDIKULAR:
EKSTREMITAS ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA
TULANG-TULANG
GELANG
APENDIKULAR
BAHU
PANGGULEKSTREMITAS

Humerus Femur Clavicula Coxae

Radius Tibia Scapula
Ulna Fibula
Carpales Tarsales
Metacarpales Metatarsales
phalanges Phalanges
 GELANG PANGGUL

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
GELANG PANGGUL

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 Perbedaan
panggul
pria dan
wanita

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th
ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
TULANG
EKSTREMITAS
BAWAH

Regio:
Femoris
Cruris
Pedis

Sendi:
Art. coxae
Art. genu
Art. talocrural Membrana
interossea cruris
Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy.
3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
TULANG EKSTREMITAS
BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Lengkung kaki

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
 TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Lengkung kaki
Diperkuat oleh bentuk tulang, ligamen dan otot
disekitarnya.

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
Organisasi
Rangka
 SENDI (articulationes)
Klasifikasi: berdasarkan struktur dan fungsi

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 SENDI

Sendi fibrosa Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon
Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update.
 SENDI
Sendi kartilaginosa

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 SENDI

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Sendi synovial Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 SENDI SYNOVIAL
Sendi synovial mendapat suplai
darah dan persarafan dari berbagai
area disekitar sendi.
Struktur khusus:
Meniscus (discus articularis):
Art.temporomandibularis, art.genu,
Bursae dan vagina tendinum:
Art.cubiti
 SENDI SYNOVIAL
Articulatio
humeri

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL
Articulatio
humeri

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Articulatio
cubiti
 Articulatio
radiocarpal dan
intercarpal

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Enarthrosis spheroidea

Articulatio Source; Elaine N Marieb,

coxae Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th
ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
ARTICULATIO
GENU

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
ARTICULATIO
GENU
 ARTICULATIO
GENU

lig.cruciatum anterior
(PCL)

lig.collaterale lateral/ lig.collaterale medial/

fibulare tibiale

lig.cruciatum anterior
(ACL)

Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTV5Yo3E7VQ
PERGELANGAN
KAKI

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6
th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.
2012
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 PERGELANGAN
Art.talocruralis KAKI
(tibiofibular & tibiotalar)
SENDI SYNOVIAL
BERDASARKAN TIPE
DAN GERAKNYA
TIPE SENDI SYNOVIAL:
Art. arthrodial (plane joint)
Art. ginglymus (hinge joint)
Art.trochoidea (pivot joint)
Art.condyloidea/art.ellipsoaidal/art.ovoid
ea (condyloid joint)
Art.sellaris (saddle joint)
Art.spheroidalis/globoidea (ball and
socket joint)
SENDI SYNOVIAL
BERDASARKAN TIPE
DAN GERAKNYA
GERAK SENDI SYNOVIAL:
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Multiaxial
Gerak sendi selalu tegak lurus
terhadap sumbu.
SENDI SYNOVIAL
BERDASARKAN TIPE DAN
GERAKNYA

(arthrodial)

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN
TIPENYA
Uniaxial

(ginglymus)

(trochoid)
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN
TIPENYA

Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NM80_gTlslU
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN
TIPENYA
Biaxial

(ovoid, ellipsoidal)

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
(sellar) update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 Biaxial

Art.talocruralis (tibiofibular & tibiotalar)

Fungsi:
Stabilitas
Weight bearing

Art.talocruralis
(tibiotalar)

Art.subtalar
(talocalcaneus)

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R4zRSE_-40
 SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
Multiaxial

(spheroidal, globoidea)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cw9fxVdXwg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQnMPHoDGEc

Source: Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Organisasi
Rangka

Posisi tubuh
Bidang dan arah
Istilah gerak
 OTOT RANGKA
Fungsi utama otot dalam gerakan:
Menghasilkan gerak
Memelihara postur dan posisi tubuh
Stabilisasi sendi

terdapat sekitar 600 otot pada tubuh

manusia, hanya 70-80 pasang yang
berfungsi sebegai penggerak utama
 OTOT RANGKA
Penamaan otot berdasarkan:
Lokasi : brachialis
Bentuk : trapezius
Ukuran: maximus, minimus, brevis, longus
gluteus maximus
Arah serabut otot: rectus femoris, obliquus
abdominis internus
Perlekatannya: brachioradialis
Jumlah origo: biceps (2 heads), triceps (3
heads)
Gerak: flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor
o M.extensor carpi radialis longus ;m.biceps
brachii caput longum; m.biceps femoris
caput longum
 OTOT RANGKA
Otot menempati kompartemen tertentu:
o Pengelompokan berdasarkan gerak dan
dipersarafi oleh saraf tepi yang sama. Contoh:
kompartemen medial pada tungkai atas berisi
otot-otot aduktor yang dipersarafi oleh
n.obturatorius.
Fungsi gerak:
o Otot-otot ekspresi wajah
o Otot-otot penggerak ekstremitas (fleksor,
ekstensor, aduktor, abduktor, rorator)
o Otot-otot respirasi
o Otot-otot abdominal
 PERLEKATAN OTOT RANGKA
Ujung otot melekat pada tulang secara langsung maupun
melalui perantara jaringan ikat.
Origo: perlekatan tulang dengan otot stabil
Insersio: perlekatan tulang dengan
otot atau perantaranya
origin
tidak stabil

insertion
Source: Joseph Hamill. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3Rd ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009.
 OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG

Gerak Gerak
bahu scapula
OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG

Gerak columna
vertebralis
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI
BAHU DAN SCAPULA

PENGGERAK SCAPULA:
Kelompok otot-otot punggung lapis superfisial
(m.trapezius, m.rhomboid, m.levator scapulae)
Kelompok otot-otot anterior thorax (m.serratus
anterior, m.pectoralis minor)
Kelompok otot-otot scapular (m.subscapularis,
m.supraspinatus, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor)
OTOT-OTOT ROTATOR CUFF (m.supraspinatus,
m.subscapularis, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor)
fiksasi sendi bahu bagian posterior
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI
BAHU DAN SCAPULA
Gerak scapula

Gerak sendi bahu

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI
BAHU DAN SCAPULA

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU
DAN SCAPULA

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Gerak scapula

Gerak sendi bahu

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT
EKSTREMITAS ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 OTOT
EKSTREMITAS
ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU

Art.humeroulnaris:
Kompartemen anterior lengan atas:
kelompok otot-otot fleksor
Otot-otot kompartemen posterior lengan
atas: kelompok otot-otot ekstensor
Art.radioulnaris:
Otot-otot pronator: m.pronator quadratus,
m.pronator teres,
Otot otot supinator: m.supinator,
m.biceps brachii
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI-JARI

Kompartemen anterior: kelompok

otot-otot fleksor.
Kompartemen posterior: kelompok
otot-otot ekstensor.
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI:
aspek anterior

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT
PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN
TANGAN DAN
JARI: aspek
posterior

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human
Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN

Otot-otot aduktor Otot-otot abduktor

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 Carpal tunnel

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS
BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, &

Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update.
Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS
BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human
Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT
PENGGERAK SENDI
PANGGUL

Triceps coxae:
M.gemelus
superior
M.obturator
internus Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI
PANGGUL
Otot
flekso
r

Otot
abdukt
or

Otot-
otot
adukto
r
 OTOT-OTOT
PENGGERAK SENDI
PANGGUL

Otot-otot aduktor
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
SENDI LUTUT

biceps
femoris

semitendinosus
hamstrings
muscles
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
semimembranos update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI
LUTUT

Rectus
femoris
Vastus
intermedius

vastus
lateralis vastus
medialis
Mm.quadricep
s femoris

Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy

2.0
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.

Tibialis
anterior
Extensor
hallucis longus
Fibularis (peroneus)
longus

Tibialis
anterior
Extensor digitorum
longus

Extensor hallucis
longus
Fibularis (peroneus)
tertius
Extensor
digitorum longus

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN
2012

JARI: aspek anterior

 Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.
2012

JARI: aspek lateral

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI:
aspek posterior
plantari
s
gastrocnemi
us

soleus

Triceps surae
muscles:
M.gastrocne Fibularis
mius (peroneu
M.soleus s) longus

Fibularis
(peroneu
s) brevis

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm,

& Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI:
aspek posterior
Tibialis
posterio
flexor
r
hallucis
longus

flexor
digitoru
flexor
m
hallucis
longus
longus

Fibularis flexor
(peroneu digitoru
s) brevis m
longus

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6
th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.
2012
OTOT-OTOT
KAKI

Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy

2.0
OTOT-OTOT
PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed
media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT
PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed
media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT
PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012
 Referensi
Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0 (CD)
Hamill J, Knutzen KN. 2009. Biomechanical basis of human
movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human
Anatomy. 6th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Moore KL & Agur A.M.R. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
Tortora, JG & Derricson BH.2009. Priciples of anatomy and
physiology.
Van De Graaff. 2001. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill
Company.
Www.studentconsult.com : Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl,
Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays anatomy for students. Elsevier.
2007.