Unit 2 - Design of Intelligent Buildings

INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
(ARA10O)
UNIT 2 DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT
BUILDINGS
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
TOPICS THAT WILL BE COVERED!!!
2.1 Control Technologies Time based
and Optimizer Parameter based
2.2 Choosing and installing a BMS
Components of BAS
2.3 Integration of components of BAS
2.4 - HVAC, Electrical, Lighting, Security,
Fire-fighting, Communication, CCTV
interface and Energy Management Systems
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
Essence of BMS and IB is in the control technologies
Control technologies allow integration, optimization
and automation of all the services and equipment
that provides services
Also manages the environment of the building
concerned
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) formed the
original basis of the control technologies
Later developments in commercial and residential
applications were based on distributed-intelligence
microprocessors
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Use of control technologies allows the optimization
of various site and building services often yields
significant cost reductions and large energy savings
Numerous methods by which building services
within the building can be controlled and mainly fall
into two broad categories:
Time based providing heating or lighting services
etc only when required
Optimizer Parameter based often utilizing a
representative aspect of the service such as
temperature for space heating or illuminance for
lighting
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Time based controls can be used to turn on
and off the heating system (and/or water
heating and distribution) at pre-selected
periods of the day or week
Optimizer parameter based controls
ensures that the building reaches its
desired temperature when occupancy
starts, whatever the conditions may be
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Examples of HEATING using optimizer
parameter based control technology
Temperature Control protection against
freezing or frost protection generally involves
running heating system pumps and boilers when
external temperature reaches a set-level (0C)
Compensated Systems will control flow
temperature in the heating circuit relative to
external temperature. This will give a rise in the
circuit flow temperature when the outside
temperature drops
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Examples of HEATING using optimizer
parameter based control technology
Thermostatic radiator valves sense space
temperature in a room and throttle the flow
accordingly through the radiator
Proportional Control involves switching
equipment on and off automatically to regulate
output
Other methods include thermostats, occupancy
sensing PIRs (Passive Infrared Sensors) and
manual user control
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Examples of LIGHTING using both
technologies where a level of illuminance
or particular use of lighting is required
Zones lights are switched on corresponding
to the use and layout of the lit areas in order
to avoid lighting a large area if only a small
part of it needs light
Time control to switch on and off
automatically in each zone to a preset
schedule for light use
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Examples of LIGHTING using both
technologies where a level of illuminance or
particular use of lighting is required
PIR occupancy sensing in areas which are
occupied intermittently, occupancy sensors can
be used to indicate whether or not anybody is
present and switch the light on and off
accordingly
Light level monitoring this consists of switching
or dimming artificial lighting to maintain a light
level measured by a photocell
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
CHOOSING & INSTALLING A BMS
A building management system (BMS),
otherwise known as a building automation
system (BAS), is a computer-based control
system installed in buildings that controls
and monitors the buildings mechanical and
electrical equipment such as ventilation,
lighting, power systems, fire systems, and
security systems
Refer to the benefits of BMS in the
earlier unit
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
CHOOSING A BMS Key Criteria
Detailed Reports
BMS has to offer a wide range of detailed reports to
monitor measure and forecast the buildings
performance to create progressive actions, make
system corrections and optimize building
performance
Customized reports rather than standard reports are
to be offered which provide data drive n
prioritization such as saving energy, improving
comfort or better life cycle maintenance
Reports are to be easy-to-read and shall be
interpreted by a wide range of people for support
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Flexibility
The chosen BMS should be capable of dealing
with a future 20% increase in the number of
points without compromising the systems
functionality or the speed of operation
As the organization grows, the software shall
meet the needs
BMS should be able to handle additions,
changes and upgrades that any user would
require
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Open Data Communication
BMS should be able to provide open standard
communication protocols such as BACNet or SNMP
to allow extensive integration possibilities between
different systems and services
BM S should be able to span older and newer
devices and protocols, sometimes aggregate
multiple protocols and send information to the front-
end system
Avoid any BMS that uses languages or technical
protocols that lock you into using their vendors
proprietary technology
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Service Support
Good BMS should flag up maintenance
issues such as inefficient equipments so that
it can be improved or even replaced
BMS should offer service contract in place so
that unforeseen costs can be eliminated and
peace of mind can be ensured
Such a contract will also ensure direct and
immediate access to the latest system
upgrades and software developments
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Standardized Design
Selecting a BMS with a standardized design built on
previous experience, ensures that all of the
complex programming work needed to
communicate with power, cooling, and IT systems
has already been done and that it is already pre-
configured to interact with 3rd party systems
making implementation much simpler
Trying to use highly custom, one off products that
arent designed to work together can make
installation, operation, and maintenance of the
tools very difficult
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Proven Track Record
Look for a provider with solid industry
expertise in building management, who
understands the particular challenges of
your sector, and who is a market leader that
will provide a solution that continually
evolves to keep up with the market changes
ABB, Honeywell, Siemens, Philips
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
System Security
Security is a key point in choosing a BMS
BMS should include a range of resilient
security features with intelligent parameters
such as; secure remote account logins with
defined user level access, SSL certification to
authenticate connections/users, and
encrypted HTTPS connection and data
stream for controllers to cloud
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Web Enabled Interface
The ability to view and manage building
operations using a web browser on thin
clients and mobile device is a must for
todays facility manager and is a platform
that can scale easy as your operations grow
and the need to share the data among
people grows
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Role within Sustainability
BMS play a significant role in sustainability
but information are usually scattered across
multiple systems. An integrated BMS is
another criteria to look at when choosing, as
they:
Reduce overall carbon footprint
Visualize and manage energy usage in real time
Optimize and schedule climate and lighting
Assist in meeting LEED certification
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Choosing the correct, well

specified and up to the minute
BMS, can transform your building
equipment usage and results.
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
INSTALLING A BMS Key Parameters
Material Handling and Storage
On receipt of BMS accessories at site,
necessary precautions shall be taken for
unloading, shifting and storage as follows:
All packages for the complete set of BMS
system shall be identified as per package list
Where auxiliaries are shipped loose, these will
be identified and checked against the dispatch
documents. Missing or damaged parts or
equipments shall be replaced or repaired
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Material Handling and Storage
On receipt of BMS accessories at site, necessary
precautions shall be taken for unloading, shifting
and storage as follows:
All materials shall be checked against the
approved material submittal, shop drawing and
single line diagram
Site engineer will take the responsibility for QA and
QC
All packages shall be stored under protected dust
area
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Preparation and General Requirements
Ensure all civil works are completed for the area
to carry out installation and clearance is
obtained from respective authorities to proceed
further
Prior to the start of installation, refer to the
approved shop drawings related to the area of
installation and ensure that required materials
are available at site as per approved material
submittals
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Preparation and General Requirements
All shop drawings and riser diagrams are to approved
by the supplier for all installation methods and details
Ensure that all outlets for BMS are in accessible area
and not covered by MEP services
Ensure that the work area is ready and safe to stall
the installation of BMS
Ensure that as-built drawings of all changes of all
spaces are handy (ex False ceiling)
Ensure the installation is carried out as per the
standard instructions given in the manual
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
INSTALLING A BMS Key
Parameters
BMS Installation Procedure
The BMS installation consists of the
following stages:
Conduiting and Cabling
VAV, FCU Controllers
Control Valves and Actuators
DDC Panels and Field Devices
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Parameters
Conduiting and Cabling
PVC conduiting or GI conduiting or trunking
shall be done as per the approved shop
drawing to pull control wires for all field
devices and control points
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
VAV, FCU Controllers with Field Devices
The controllers, transformers and relays shall
be delivered by the system supplier
These controllers shall be mounted with an
enclosure with control transformer attached to
VAV control assembly
Two port valve with actuators shall be installed
in the CHW pipe at FCUs as per approved
shop drawings
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
VAV, FCU Controllers with Field Devices
Control wires to be pulled between the VAV, FCUs
controllers and thermostats, two port valves as per
approved wiring drawings
Terminations at VAV controller shall be carried out as
per company approved method
After final wall finishes, room thermostats are to be
installed and terminated
Thermostat unit shall be fixed with in-built jack and
laptop connection can be made with the existing
control cable wiring
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
DDCs with Field Devices
DDC Direct Digital Controllers
The preassembled DDC control panel with
controllers, modules, transformers, relays shall
be delivered by the system supplier
The control panel shall be installed with
required power supply on the wall as shown in
approved shop drawings and to be coordinated
with other services
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Parameters
Conduiting to be installed between the field
devices and the control panel
For HVAC equipments, field devices pertaining
to ducting, like temperature sensor, humidity
sensor, motorized damper actuators, are to be
installed and terminated as per
manufacturers recommendations
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Field devices pertaining to CHW pipes like CHW
temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and flow
sensors are to be installed and terminated as per
Wiring and connections for all field devices shall
be done as per the approved BMS point schedule,
wiring schedule and schematic diagrams
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Field devices like outside air humidity sensor,
water level sensor, staircase pressurization
sensor shall be installed and connected as per
approved BMS system
VFDs (Variable Frequency Drive) are fixed
inside the AHU control panels and required
cable connections shall be done as per the
approved schematic diagrams
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
A variable-frequency drive (VFD) (also termed adjustable-frequency drive,

variable speed drive, AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive) is a type of
adjustable-speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control
AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Conduiting and wiring for plumbing systems like water
booster pump sets, fire pump sets, water calorifire pump to
be carried out from the DDC panel as per system
requirements
Terminations at field ends shall be carried out as per the
For DDC control panels, control cabling shall be done through
GI conduiting or GI trunking above false ceiling as per the
approved shop drawings, schematic diagrams, and all control
wires shall be dressed properly with related identifications
and connected as per the approved data points
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Central Peripherals and Integration
Bus loop wiring to be carried out from the Central
Controller to all the VAVs and DDC as per the approved
schematic drawings
The pre-assemble peripherals with controllers hubs shall be
in installed in the BMS control room
Wiring between the central peripherals and the low current
systems shall be carried out as per approved shop
drawings
Installation of central peripherals like computer, printer,
monitor shall be isolated as per the approved BMS system
and shop drawings
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
COMPONENTS OF BAS
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
COMPONENTS OF BAS
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
WHAT BAS CAN DO??

UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
COMPONENTS OF BAS
The Role of Controllers
The DDCs are the brains of the BAS
Digital controllers receive data, apply logic
(an algorithm just as Google does with
search data) to that information, then send
out a command based on what information
is processed
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS OF
BAS
BAS is not required for every project and should
be evaluated based on the size of the building
The size of the building, number of piece of
equipment, expected energy savings, and
availability of trained staff should all be
considered before a decision is made
BAS is required and considered part of the
system on large facilities (> 9,300 Sqm or
100,000 Sft) both for new and retrofits
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS OF
BAS
Level of integration of BAS
What is the level of integration you can
think of??
What comes to your mind when talking
about integration as a concept of BAS
Can you recollect (!!!!!) the three concepts
of intelligent buildings and respond???
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS OF BAS
Level of integration of BAS
Lighting control systems shall not be connected
to BAS except for monitoring of lighting system
Fire alarm systems, security systems and
elevator systems shall not be controlled by a BAS
These systems should have independent control
panels and networks
The BAS system shall monitor the status of these
systems only, in order to prompt emergency
operating modes of HVAC and lighting systems
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS OF BAS
Building Energy Management Systems aim to
optimize the use of energy in buildings by
maintaining at the same time the indoor
environment under comfort conditions and BAS aids
it
Practically, a BEMS is a computerized system that
attempts to control all or some of the energy
consuming operations in a building:
HVAC, Electrical, Lighting
Security, Fire-fighting
CCTV interface
Buildings Energy Management Systems
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
HVAC
Building automation through computerized
control for HVAC system allows for
optimized zoning and energy conservation
throughout the facility
Energy cost involved in running HVAC
systems is getting more and more
expensive and in cases HVAC alone
constitutes 2/3 of the total energy cost
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
HVAC
More complex HVAC systems can interface to Building
Automation System (BAS) to allow the building owners
to have more control over the heating or cooling units
The building owner can monitor the system and
respond to alarms generated by the system from local
or remote locations
The system can be scheduled for occupancy or the
configuration can be changed from the BAS.
Sometimes the BAS is directly controlling the HVAC
components
Depending on the BAS different interfaces can be used
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
HVAC
There are also dedicated gateways that connect
advanced VRV / VRF and Split HVAC Systems
with Home Automation and BMS (Building
Management Systems) controllers for centralized
control and monitoring, obviating the need to
purchase more complex and expensive HVAC
systems
In addition, such gateway solutions are capable
of providing remote control operation of all HVAC
indoor units over the internet incorporating a
simple and friendly user interface
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
HVAC
Engineers should use building energy
modeling software to incorporate lighting
system design and properly size the HVAC
systems
Building energy modeling software is widely
used in the industry for a number of
purposes including determining energy
savings, HVAC design, or as a compliance
path for U.S. Green Building Council LEED
certification
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Electrical
Integrating electrical systems with BAS can
promote operational efficiencies, optimize
maintenance, staff effectiveness, and
leverage fault diagnostics
Owners of high-performance buildings expect
engineers, manufacturers, and building
system installers to work together to increase
the performance of the buildings systems
However, superior performance typically is
associated with increased complexity and cost
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Electrical
Electromechanical devices are getting
replaced by micro-processor based devices
which offer connection of equipments and
systems on network
Sensors provide feedback to measure results
and enable enhanced control and functionality
Enhancing, connecting, and integrating
electrical systems with a buildings control
platform allows engineers to exceed the high-
performance building owners expectations
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Electrical
By consolidating electrical system
monitoring into a single unified BAS
platform, the full potential of electrical
equipment and systems can be harnessed,
unlocking new opportunities for high-
performance strategies
Modern BAS can leverage many of its
features, such as trending, alarming, and
web-based graphics, to monitor the
electrical systems as well
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Electrical
Expanding operational efficiencies
Coordinating historical data
Optimizing maintenance staff effectiveness
Leveraging fault diagnostics
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Lighting
By using building energy modeling
software, engineers can determine how to
size HVAC systems to balance the heat
given off by lighting systems, particularly
energy-efficient lighting fixtures
The use of an energy-efficient lighting
design not only provides significant
lighting savings, but also can reduce the
cooling requirements for a building
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Lighting
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Lighting
Building energy modeling software is widely used in the
industry for a number of purposes including determining
energy savings, HVAC design, or as a compliance path for
U.S. Green Building Council LEED certification
There are hundreds of different building energy modeling
applications available, and each has its strengths and
weaknesses
While there are many important factors in creating an
accurate building energy model (building area,
orientation, amount of glass, etc.), internal heat gains
from people, lights, and equipment in the space
contribute to the majority of the cooling load in many
buildings
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Lighting
Lighting is typically the largest source of waste heat,
also known as heat gain, inside commercial buildings
Approximately 18% of the electricity generated is
consumed by lighting loads, with another 5% being used
to cool the waste heat generated by the lighting
Lighting constitutes 35% of a buildings electricity use
Because lighting represents the largest portion of a
commercial buildings electricity consumption, it also
presents a great opportunity for energy savings by using
energy-efficient lighting systems and lighting controls
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Lighting
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Lighting
As more efficient lighting systems are installed in buildings,
cooling loads will be reduced while heating loads can be
expected to increase
On a new building designed with efficient lighting systems, the
smaller cooling loads, in turn, allow for a buildings cooling
system to be sized smaller (and therefore less expensive to
purchase and operate)
On an existing building where lighting systems are upgraded
to be more energy-efficient, the smaller cooling loads can
allow for the existing cooling systems to serve future
additional loads or to be replaced in the future with smaller
units
Incorporating occupancy sensing and daylight dimming
controls will provide additional energy savings
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Security
Security systems can be interlocked to a building
automation system
Some of the security features that can be incorporated
into BAS can be:
Common temperature alarms are: space, supply air,
chilled water supply, hot water supply
Pressure, humidity, biological and chemical sensors
can determine if ventilation systems have failed
mechanically or become infected with contaminants
that affect human health
Differential pressure switches can be placed on a filter
to determine if it is dirty or otherwise not performing
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Security
Some of the security features that can be incorporated into
BAS can be:
Status alarms are common. If a mechanical device like a pump is
requested to start, and the status input indicates it is off, this can
indicate a mechanical failure. Or, worse, an electrical fault that could
represent a fire or shock hazard
Some valve actuators have end switches to indicate if the valve has
opened or not
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors can tell if concentration
of these in the air are too high, either due to fire or ventilation
problems in garages or near roads
Refrigerant sensors can be used to indicate a possible refrigerant leak
Current sensors can be used to detect low current conditions caused
by slipping fan belts, clogging strainers at pumps, or other problems
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Security
Fire alarm panels and their related smoke alarm systems are
usually hard-wired to override building automation
For example: if the smoke alarm is activated, all the outside air
dampers close to prevent air coming into the building, and an
exhaust system can isolate the blaze
Good BAS are aware of these overrides and recognize complex
failure conditions. They do not send excessive alerts, nor do
they waste precious backup power on trying to turn back on
devices that these safety over-rides have turned off
A poor BAS, almost by definition, sends out one alarm for every
alert, and does not recognize any manual, fire or electric or
fuel safety override
Accordingly good BAS are often built on safety and fire systems
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Fire Fighting
Integrating fire alarm systems with
building automation systems can result
in many economic and operational
benefits
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Fire Fighting
Most fire alarm systems on the market today
have the capability to output fire alarm
signals over BACnet protocols
This is accomplished via a BACnet gateway
that allows the fire alarm system to output
signals to third-party equipment as BACnet
objects
The third-party equipment can be configured
to read and react to data received from the
gateway
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Communication Protocols
BACnet
Short for building automation control network, is
a data communication protocol for building
automation and control network
BACnet is both an international (ISO) and ANSI
standard for interoperability between cooperating
building automation devices
LonWorks
Local operating network. Proprietary protocol
developed in 1988. Networking platform created
to automate controls
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
CCTV Interface
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
CCTV Interface
CCTV (CCTV stands for closed circuit
television)
All kinds of businesses stand to benefit
from installing these camera systems in
their stores and office buildings
Must be integrated with alarm systems and
additional security elements
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
CCTV Interface
With Home Automation, the consumer can select and
watchcameraslive from an Internet source to their home or business
Security systems can include motion sensors
This category also includes control and distribution of securitycameras
Detection of possibleintrusion
Sensors of detection of movement
Sensors of magnetic contact ofdoor/window
Sensors of glass breaking
Sensors of pressure changes
Simulationof presence
Detection of fire, gas leaks, water leaks
Medicalalert
Tele-assistance
Precise and safe closing ofblinds
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Building Energy Management Systems
BEMS is a computer based control system that
control and monitor a buildings mechanical
and electrical equipment such as heating,
ventilation, lighting, power systems etc
They connect the building services plant back
to the central computer to allow control on/off
times, temperature, humidity etc
BEMS are critical components to manage
energy demand particularly in large buildings
and multi building sites
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Building Energy Management
Systems
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Systems
Advantages
Close control of environmental conditions
providing better comfort for the occupants
Energy saving control functions which will
reduce energy bills
Ability to log and archive data for energy
management purposes
Provision of rapid information on plant status
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Systems
Advantages
Automatic generation of alarms to warn
appropriate personnel of equipments
failure and conditions charge
Identification of both planned and reactive
maintenance requirements
Ease of expansion to control other plant,
spaces and buildings
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
Systems
BEMS offers the following rationale:
Energy Conservation efforts that are made to
reduce energy consumption through economy,
elimination of waste or more rational use
Energy Recovery reuse of byproduct of one
system for use as input energy for another
system
Energy Substitution substitution of one energy
source of fuel type for a more economical and
less polluting energy source
UNIT 2 - DESIGN OF
UNIT 2 DESIGN OF
END OF
UNIT 2

Unit 2 - Design of Intelligent Buildings

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Unit 2 - Design of Intelligent Buildings

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INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

Choosing the correct, well

A variable-frequency drive (VFD) (also termed adjustable-frequency drive,

WHAT BAS CAN DO??

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