Industrial Sensors

2.2 Technology

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
machine vision: basic situation of all tasks

scene machine vision statement

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
traditional machine vision system

PLC file interface (serial...) host computer

Digial-I/O framegrabber

industrial PC with cameras

machine vision software
PLC: programmable logic controller (=SPS ger) B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
Concept of an intelligent camera sensor

interfaces:
PLC switching i/o
serial/parallel i/o
bus systems

"intelligent camera"

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
some selected camera models

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
types of illumination
camera

bright field illumination

ringlight

illumination

scene

dark field illumination transmittance diffuse Illumination

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
Different types of illumination

diffuse
illumination

LED illumination for

linescan applications

LED ringlights

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
processing of tasks within a camera sensor
scene

Kameragehuse
focuses the scene onto
lens
the image acquisition sensor
feedback if required

changes light into electrical

sensor charges

changes charges into

image preprocessing
information

processes information into

vision algorithms
decisions/statements/results

output communicates results

process
B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
basic pixel configurations

6X4 matrix sensor

12x line sensor

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
Principle of a CCD chip

A charge is beeing transported from pixel to pixel

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
Principle of a CMOS chip

U
As it is possible to integrate a transistor next to each pixel,
the information of each pixel corresponds to a voltage and
can be transferred directly to a processing unit.
B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
CCD vs. CMOS: differentiation relevant for applications

Differentiation of CCD und CMOS results from:

blooming,
compactness,
costs,
sensitivity,
signal to noise ratio,
speed,
pixel access,
dynamics (related to brightness),
Smearing and
dissemination.

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
principles of binarisation
Digitised Grey Scale Image

image acqui- corresponding histogram

sition sensor numerical value
75 100 25 50 35 88

occurrence
50 0 75 50 4x
3x 3x 4x
25 50 100 0 2x
100 0 25 100
0 25 50 75 100
black white

threshold: 35 2 thresholds: 35, 88

binary image binary image (object=black)

1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
one example for binarisation

grey scale image histogram binary image

threshold
for binar-
isation
occurrence

black grey white

2ndifferent grey values, typical 256

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
differentiation quantitative/qualitative,
recognition/verification

surface inspection

quantitative (recognition) qualitative (verification)

surface
waviness roughness color texture
defects

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors

3. Presentation: ICS/VSC 100

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
ICS 100 and VSC 100

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
important features of the sensor ICS/VSC 100

inspection also of shiny objects because of the

CMOS architecture of the sensor
simultaneous inspection of a max. of 4 objects, 16
can be stored. This allows a flexible setup and
production changes without changing the camera
setting.
The amazing relation between speed (starting with
2,5ms) and used resolution (320X320) stands for
recognition of details of applications, which require a
high true resolution.

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
exceptional homogenity of the illumination of the ICS 100

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
internal structure of the ICS 100
lens

sensor board

LED-ring illumination

processor board

B. Gems, PU Vision
 Industrial Sensors
structure of the internal illumination board of the ICS 100

1. layer of lenses

LED
2. layer of lenses

B. Gems, PU Vision