1-Which of the following is not covered under Mechanical energy domain?

(A) Distance

(B) Latent heat

(C) Force

(D) Size

2-Which of the following form the basis of Electrical domain?

(A) Current

(B) Resistance

(C) Inductance

(D) All of the above

3-The sensors are classified on the basis of

(A) Functions

(B) Performance

(C) Output

(D) All of the above

4-The following is not a static performance parameter to be looked into before selecting
a parameter.
(A) Range

(B) Deflection

(C) Stability

(D) Error

5-The following main dynamic characteristic(s) is usually considered in Mechatronics

application of sensors.
(A) Response time

(B) Rise time

(C) Time constant

(D) All of the above

6-The ability to give same output reading when same input value is applied repeatedly
is known as
(A) Stability

(B) Repeatability

(C) Accuracy

(D) Sensitivity

7-It is the ability of the sensor to indicate the same output over a period of time for a
constant input.
(A) Stability

(B) Resolution

(C) Error

(D) Impedance

8-It is the time required to come to an output value within the specified error level.
(A) Response time

(B) Rise time

(C) Settling time

(D) None of the above

9-Following is the coded output.

(A) Modulation of amplitude
(B) Modulation of frequency

(C) Modulation of pulse width

(D) All of the above

10-Following is not an example of transducer.

(A) Analogue voltmeter

(B) Thermocouple

(C) Photo electric cell

(D) Pneumatic cylinder

11-The following is (are) type(s) of Hall Effect sensors.

(A) Linear Hall Effect sensor

(B) Threshold Hall Effect sensor

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) None of the above

12-Following is (are) true for Hall Effect sensors.

(A) They can operate as switches of high frequency

(B) They cost less than electromechanical switches

(C) They are free from contact bounce problem

(D) All of the above

13-A piezo-electrical crystal generates voltage when subjected to ____ force.

(A) Electrical

(B) Mechanical

(C) Gravity
(D) All of the above

14-Hall Effect sensors are used in

(A) Flow meter

(B) Fuel level indicator

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) None of the above

15-‘Any radiation of appropriate wavelength fall on the depletion layer of p-n junction
develops a potential difference between the junction’ is working principle of
(A) Hall Effect sensor

(B) Proximity sensor

(C) Light sensor

(D) All of the above

16-Following is (are) the type(s) of Light sensor(s)

(A) Photo sensor

(B) Photo transistors

(C) Photo conductors

(D) All of the above

17-Following type of sensors are used to generate information in object grasping and
obstacle avoidance.
(A) Hall Effect sensor

(B) Proximity sensor

(C) Light sensor

(D) Optical sensors

18-Inductive proximity sensors can be effective only when the objects are of _____
materials.
(A) Ferro magnetic

(B) Diamagnetic

(C) Paramagnetic

(D) All of the above

19-Following acts as detector in Optical sensor

(A) Light emitting diode

(B) Photo diode

(C) Transistor

(D) All of the above

ANSWERS:
1-(B), 2-(D), 3-(D), 4-(B), 5-(D), 6-(B), 7-(A), 8-(C), 9-(D), 10-(A), 11-(C), 12-(D), 13-(B),
14-(C), 15-(C), 16-(D), 17-(B), 18-(A), 19-(B)
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal transducer?
a) High dynamic range
b) Low linearity
c) High repeatability
d) Low noise
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: An ideal transducer should show high linearity. A linear system should produce
exact output according to input.
2. A transducer converting ground movement or velocity to voltage is known as
________________
a) Geophone
b) Pickup
c) Hydrophone
d) Sonar transponder
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Geophone is a device used to convert ground movement to voltage, which is
used in Remote ground sensors (RGS) and also as a replacement for broadband
seismometers.
3. Which of the following represent active transducer?
a) Strain gauge
b) Thermistor
c) LVDT
d) Thermocouple
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Active transducers are self-generating type, they don’t require external power
to work while passive transducers require external power to work.
4. Which transducer is known as ‘self-generating transducer’?
a) Active transducer
b) Passive transducer
c) Secondary transducer
d) Analog transducer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The name self-generating transducer is due to its property of working without
the use of external power.
5. What is the relation between scale factor and sensitivity of a transducer?
a) Scale factor is double of sensitivity
b) Scale factor is inverse of sensitivity
c) Sensitivity is inverse of scale factor
d) Sensitivity is equal to scale factor
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Sensitivity is an important property of transducer. Every transducer should be
sufficiently sensitive to provide some output that can be detected.
6. Which of the following is an analog transducer?
a) Encoders
b) Strain gauge
c) Digital tachometers
d) Limit switches
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Analog transducers convert physical quantity to analog signals while digital
transducers convert physical quantity to digital signals. Strain gauge is an example of an
Analog transducer.
7. What is the principle of operation of LVDT?
a) Mutual inductance
b) Self-inductance
c) Permanence
d) Reluctance
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is a type of transformer used for
measuring displacement, and it has the same principle of operation of transformer.
8. Which of the following can be measured using Piezo-electric transducer?
a) Velocity
b) Displacement
c) Force
d) Sound
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Piezo-electric crystals produces an electric signal when pressure applied.
Examples are quartz, Rochelle salt. That is, it converts force into electric signals.
9. Capacitive transducer is used for?
a) Static measurement
b) Dynamic measurement
c) Transient measurement
d) Both static and dynamic
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Capacitive transducers convert measurant into changes in capacitance.
Change in capacitance is caused by change in dielectric or change in distance between
plates.
10. Which of the following is used in photo conductive cell?
a) Selenium
b) Quartz
c) Rochelle salt
d) Lithium sulphate
View Answer

Answer: a
Q1. Function of transducer is to convert

A. Electrical signal into non electrical quantity

B. Non electrical quantity into electrical signal
C. Electrical signal into mechanical quantity
D. All of these

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: B. Non electrical quantity into electrical signal

Q2. Potentiometer transducers are used for the measurement of

A. Pressure
B. Displacement
C. Humidity
D. Both (a) and (b)

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: D. Both (a) and (b)

Q3. Thermistor is a transducer. Its temperature coefficient is

A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Zero
D. None of these

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: A. Negative

Q4. Strain gauge is a

A. Active device and converts mechanical displacement into a change of

resistance

B. Passive device and converts electrical displacement into a change of

resistance

C. Passive device and converts mechanical displacement into a change of

resistance

D. Active device and converts electrical displacement into a change of

resistance

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: C. Passive device and converts mechanical displacement into a

change of resistance

Q5. Constantan is used for measurement of dynamic strains. It is an

alloy of

A. Copper and Aluminium

B. Nickel and molybdenum
C. Nickel and chromium
D. Copper and nickel
View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: D. Copper and nickel

Q6. The linear variable differential transformer transducer is

A. Inductive transducer
B. Non-inductive transducer
C. Capacitive transducer
D. Resistive transducer

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: A. Inductive transducer

Q7. The transducer used for the measurements is/are

A. Resistance temperature detectors

B. Thermistors
C. Ultrasonic
D. All of these

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: D. All of these

Q8. If at one end, the two wires made of different metals are joined
together then a voltage will get produced between the two wires due to
difference of temp between the two ends of wires. This effect is
observed in

A. Thermocouples
B. Thermistors
C. RTD
D. Ultrasonics

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: A. Thermocouples

Q9. For the measurement of pressure the instruments used can be

A. Mechanical
B. Electro-mechanical
C. Electronic
D. All of these

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: D. All of these

Q10. With the increase in the intensity of light, the resistance of a

photovoltaic cell

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains same
D. None of these

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: B. Decreases
26. The colour of emitted light from LED depends on

A.Construction of LED, that is physical dimensions

B.Number of available carriers
 C.Type of semiconductor material used
D.Number of recombinations taking place

✔View Answer

C.Type of semiconductor material used

✍Your Comments

27. The advantage of LED is

A.Long life
B.Fast on-off switching
C.Low operating voltage
D.All of the above

✔View Answer

D.All of the above

✍Your Comments

28. The typical value of power consumption of LED is

A.Around 10 mW
B.In between 15 mW and 20 mW
C.In between 30 mW and 40 mW
D.In between 35 mW and 50 mW

✔View Answer

B.In between 15 mW and 20 mW

✍Your Comments
29. When forward biased, LED emits light because of

A.Recombination of carriers
B.Light generated in breaking the covalent bonds
C.Light produced by collisions
D.All of the above reasons

✔View Answer

A.Recombination of carriers
✍Your Comments

30. The LEDs made with GaAs emit light in the

A.Yellow region
B.Infrared region
C.Orange region
D.Red visible region

✔View Answer

B.Infrared region
31. The LCD digital display that is based on

A.Radiation of light
B.Reflection of light
C.Emission of light
D.Transmission of light

✔View Answer

B.Reflection of light
✍Your Comments
32. The typical value of thickness of liquid layer of LCD's is ...... mm

A.0.22
B.2.2
C.0.025
D.0.035

✔View Answer

C.0.025
✍Your Comments

33. Which of the following liquid crystal layers are used in LCD's

A.Heavy water
B.Nematic
C.Hydrosulphuric acid
D.Hydrochloric acid

✔View Answer

B.Nematic
✍Your Comments

34. The contrast of liquid crystal display (LCD)

A.Will increase if the back plate is more reflective

B.Will decrease if the back plate is more reflective
C.Will increase if the back plate is less reflective
D.Will decrease if the back plate is less reflective
✔View Answer

C.Will increase if the back plate is less reflective

✍Your Comments

35. Which of the following consumes less power?

A.Incandescent lamp
B.LCD
C.Fluorescent tube
D.LED

✔View Answer

B.LCD
1. What does the availability of LCD in 16 x 2 typical value indicate ?

a. 16 lines per character with 2 such lines

b. 16 characters per line with 2 such lines
c. 16 pixels per line with 2 such sets
d. 16 lines per pixel with two such sets

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: b. 16 characters per line with 2 such lines

2. Which control line/s act/s as an initiator by apprising LCD about the

inception of data transmission by the microcontroller?

a. Enable (EN)
b. Register Select (RS)
c. Read/Write (RW)
d. All of the above
View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: a. Enable (EN)

3. The display operations in LCD are undertaken on EN line with ______

a. 0 to 1 transitions
b. 1 to 0 transitions
c. both a & b
d. none of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: b. 1 to 0 transitions
4. When can a LCD display the text form of data ?

a. only when RS line is high

b. only when RW line is high
c. only when RS line is low
d. only when RW line is low

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: a. only when RS line is high

1. How does the instruction execute for read command 'Get LCD Status'
in LCD ?

a. By allowing EN line to go from low to high

b. By allowing EN line to go from high to low
c. By maintaining EN line to be stable
d. None of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

2. Match the HEX codes of LCD with their associated functions

A. 10H --------- 1) Shifting of cursor position to right
B. 14H --------- 2) Shifting of cursor position to left
C. 18H --------- 3) 2 lines & 5 x 7 character font
D. 38H --------- 4) Shifting of an entire display to the left

a. A-4,B–1,C-2,D-3
b. A-3,B–2,C-1,D-4
c. A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3
d. A-1,B–2,C-3,D-4

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: c. A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3

3. How much delay is necessarily provided after the power-on-reset

condition in order to overcome the predicaments related to valid power
supply levels assigned to microcontroller and LCD ?

a. 10 ms
b. 12 ms
c. 15 ms
d. 25 ms

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: c. 15 ms
1. On which factors do the delay between two characters depend for
display purposes in LCD?

a. clock frequency
b. display module
c. both a & b
d. none of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: c. both a & b

2. How many data lines are essential in addition to RS , EN and RW
control lines for interfacing LCD with Atmel 89C51 microcontroller?

a. 3
b. 5
c. 8
d. 10

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: c. 8

3. Which is the an alternative mechanism of preventing the software to

be dependent on several delay factors along with an optimum time
proficiency of checking LCD status at the interfacing level?

a. Polling of DB7 bit of the data bus

b. Updating the faster display in less time
c. Generalization of clock frequency and display module
d. All of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: a. Polling of DB7 bit of the data bus

1. The full form of LCD is ____________
a) Liquid Crystal Display
b) Liquid Crystalline Display
c) Logical Crystal Display
d) Logical Crystalline Display
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The full form of LCD is “Liquid Crystal Display”. They provide thinner displays
as compared to Cathode Ray Tubes.
2. The optical properties of liquid crystals depend on the direction of ___________
a) Air
b) Solid
c) Light
d) Water
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The optical properties of liquid crystals depend on the direction of light travels
through a layer of the material.
3. By which properties, the orientation of molecules in a layer of liquid crystals can be
changed?
a) Magnetic field
b) Electric field
c) Electromagnetic field
d) Gallois field
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In LCD, the electric field is induced by a small electric voltage applied across it;
Due to which the orientation of molecules in a layer of liquid crystals can be changed.
4. Electro-optical effect is produced in ___________
a) LED
b) LCD
c) OFC
d) OLED
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: An electric field (induced by a small electric voltage) can change the
orientation of molecules in a layer of liquid crystal and thus affect its optical properties. Such
a process is termed an electro-optical effect, and it forms the basis for LCDs.
5. The direction of electric field in an LCD is determined by ___________
a) the molecule’s chemical structure
b) Crystalline surface structure
c) Molecular Orbital Theory
d) Quantum Cellular Automata
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For LCDs, the change in optical properties results from orienting the molecular
axes either along or perpendicular to the applied electric field, the preferred direction being
determined by the details of the molecule’s chemical structure.
6. The first LCDs became commercially available in ___________
a) 1950s
b) 1980s
c) 1960s
d) 1970s
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The first LCDs became commercially available in the late 1960s and were
based on a light-scattering effect known as the dynamic scattering mode.
7. LCDs operate from a voltage ranges from ___________
a) 3 to 15V
b) 10 to 15V
c) 10V
d) 5V
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: LCDs operate from a voltage ranges from 3 to 15V rms. They provide thinner
displays as compared to Cathode Ray Tubes.
8. LCDs operate from a frequency ranges from ___________
a) 10Hz to 60Hz
b) 50Hz to 70Hz
c) 30Hz to 60Hz
d) None of the Mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: LCDs operate from a frequency ranges from 30Hz to 60Hz. LCDs operate from
a voltage ranges from 3 to 15V rms. They provide thinner displays as compared to Cathode
Ray Tubes.
9. In 7 segment display, how many LEDs are used?
a) 8
b) 7
c) 10
d) 9
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: There are 7 LEDs used in a 7 segment display. 7 segment displays are used
for displaying decimal numerals which are comparatively convenient to dot matrix displays.
10. What is backplane in LCD?
a) The ac voltage applied between segment and a common element
b) The dc voltage applied between segment and a common element
c) The amount of power consumed
d) For adjusting the intensity of the LCD
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The ac voltage applied between segment and a common element is called the
backplane(bp). In which each segment is driven by an EX-OR gate.
1. Intrinsically _________________ are a very linear device.
a) Injection lasers
b) DH lasers
c) Gain-guided
d) LEDs
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The ideal light output power against current characteristics for an LED linear.
This tends to be more suitable for analog transmission where several constraints are put in
linearity of optical source.
2. Linearizing circuit techniques are used for LEDs. State whether the given statement is
true or false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In practice, LEDs exhibit nonlinearities depending on configuration used. Thus,
to allow its used in high quality analog transmission system and to ensure linear
performance of device, linearizing circuit techniques is used.
3. The internal quantum efficiency of LEDs decreasing _______________ with
________________ temperature.
a) Exponentially, decreasing
b) Exponentially, increasing
c) Linearly, increasing
d) Linearly, decreasing
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The light emitted from LEDs decreases. This is due to increase in p-n junction
temperature. Thus, this results in exponentially decreasing internal quantum efficiency with
temperature increment.
4. To utilize _____________________ of SLDs at elevated temperatures, the use of
thermoelectric coolers is important.
a) Low-internal efficiency
b) High-internal efficiency
c) High-power potential
d) Low-power potential
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The output characteristics of SLDs are typically of nonlinear in nature. This is
observed with a knee becoming apparent at an operating temperature around 20 degree c.
Thus, to utilize high-power potential of these devices at elevated temperature,
thermoelectric coolers are necessarily used.
5. For particular materials with smaller bandgap energies operating in _____________
wavelength, the linewidth tends to ______________
a) 2.1 to 2.75 μm, increase
b) 1.1 to 1.7 μm, increase
c) 2.1 to 3.6 μm, decrease
d) 3.5 to 6 μm, decrease
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For materials with smaller bandgap, linewidth increases to 50 to 160 nm. This
increases in band gap is due to increased doping levels and formation of bandtail states.
6. The active layer composition must be adjusted if a particular center wavelength is
desired.State whether the given statement is true or false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:There is a difference in output spectra between surface and edge emitting
LEDs when devices have generally heavily doped and lightly doped active layers by
reduction in doping.
7. In optical fiber communication, the electrical signal dropping to half its constant value due
to modulated portion of optical signal corresponds to _______
a) 6 dB
b) 3 dB
c) 4 dB
d) 5 db
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Modulation bandwidth in optical communication is often defined in
electrical/optical terms. So when considering electrical circuitry in optical fiber system,
electrical 3 dB point or frequency at which output electrical power is reduced by 3 dB
bandwidth with respect to input electrical power.
8. The optical 3 dB point occurs when currents ratio is equal to
a) ⅝
b) ⅔
c) ½
d) ¾
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In optical regime, the bandwidth is defined by frequency at which output
current has dropped to ½ output input current system.
9. The optical bandwidth is _____________ the electrical bandwidth.
a) Smaller
b) Greater
c) Same as
d) Zero with respect to
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The difference between optical and electrical bandwidth In terms of frequency
depends on the shape of the frequency response of the system. If the system response is
assumed to be Gaussian, then optical bandwidth is a factor of √2 greater than electrical
bandwidth.
10. When a constant d.c. drive current is applied to device, the optical o/p power is 320 μm.
Determine optical o/p power when device is modulated at frequency 30 MHz with minority
carrier recombination lifetime of LED i.e. 5ns.
a) 4.49*10-12
b) 6.84*10-9
c) 1.29*10-6
d) 2.29*10-4
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The output o/p at 30 MHz is
Pc( 30 MHz ) = Pdc/ (1+(wΓi) )2 1/2

= 320*10 /(1+(2π*30*10-6*5*10-9)2)1/2
-6

= 2.29*10-4W.
11. The optical power at 20 MHz is 246.2 μW. Determine dc drive current applied to device
with carrier recombination lifetime for LED of 6ns.
a) 3.48*10-4
b) 6.42*10-9
c) 1.48*10-3
d) 9.48*10-12
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The optical output power at 20 MHz is
Pe(20 MHz) = Pdc/(1+(WTi)2)1/2
246.2*10-6= Pdc/(1+(2π*20*10-6*5*10-9)2)1/2
Pdc = 3.48*10-4.
12. Determine the 3 dB electrical bandwidth at 3 dB optical bandwidth Bopt of 56.2 MHz.
a) 50.14
b) 28.1
c) 47.6
d) 61.96
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The 3dB electrical bandwidth is given by
B = Bopt/ √2
= 56.2/2
= 28.1 MHz.
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13. The 3 dB electrical bandwidth B is 42 MHz. Determine 3dB optical bandwidth Bopt:
a) 45.18
b) 59.39
c) 78.17
d) 94.14
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The 3dB electrical bandwidth is
B = Bopt/ √2
Bopt = B* √2
= 42* √2
= 59.39 MHz.
14. Determine degradation rate βrif constant junction temperature is 17 degree celsius.
a) 7.79*10-11
b) 7.91*10-11
c) 6.86*10-11
d) 5.86*10-11
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The degradation rate βris determined by
βr= β0exp (-Ea/KT)
= 1.89*10 exp
7
(-1*1.602*10 /1.38*10-23*290)
-19

= 7.79*10-11 h-1.
15. Determine CW operating lifetime for LED with βrt = -0.58 and degradation rate βr=
7.86*10-11 h-1.
a) 32.12
b) 42
c) 22.72
d) 23.223
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The CW operating lifetime is given by
t = Ln 0.58/7.86*10-11
= 22.72h-1.
1. The amount of radiance in planer type of LED structures is
a) Low
b) High
c) Zero
d) Negligible
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Planer LEDs are fabricated using liquid or vapor phase epitaxial processes.
Here p-type is diffused into n-type substrate which creates junction. Forward current flow
through junction provides Lambertian spontaneous emission. Thus, device emits light from
all surfaces. However a limited amount of light escapes the structure due to total internal
reflection thus providing low radiance.
2. In optical fiber communication, ______________ major types of LED structures are used
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Optical fiber communication involves the use of 6 different major LED
structure. These are the surface emitter, edge emitter, the super luminescent, the resonant
cavity LED, planar LEDs and Dome LEDs.
3. As compared to planar LED structure, Dome LEDs have ______________ External
power efficiency, ____________ effective emission area and _____________ radiance.
a) Greater, lesser, reduced
b) Higher, greater, reduced
c) Higher, lesser, increased
d) Greater, greater, increased
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In Dome LEDs, the diameter of dome is selected so as to maximum the
internal emission reaching surface within critical angle of GaAs. Thus, dome LEDs have
high external power efficiency. The geometry of Dome LEDs is such that dome is much
larger than active recombination area, so it has greater emission era and reduced of
radiance.
4. The techniques by Burros and Dawson in reference to homo structure device is to use an
etched well in GaAs structure. Determine the given statement is True or false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Burros and Dawson provided a technique to restrict emission to small active
region within device thus providing high radiance. Etched well in a GaAs substrate is used
to prevent heavy absorption of emitted region and physically accommodating the fiber.
These structures provide low thermal impedance allowing high current densities of high
radiance.
5. In surface emitter LEDs, more advantage can be obtained by using
a) BH structures
b) QC structures
c) DH structures
d) Gain-guided structure
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: DH structures provide high efficiency from electrical and optical confinement.
Along with efficiency, they provide less absorption of emitted radiation.
6. Internal absorption in DH surface emitter Burros type LEDs is
a) Cannot be determined
b) Negligible
c) High
d) Very low
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The larger band gap confining layers and the reflection coefficient at the back
crystal space is high in DH surface emitter Burros type LEDs. This provides good forward
radiance. Thus these structure LEDs have very less internal absorption.
7. DH surface emitter generally give
a) More coupled optical power
b) Less coupled optical power
c) Low current densities
d) Low radiance emission into-fiber
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The optical power coupled into a fiber depends on distance, alignment
between emission area and fiber, SLED emission pattern and medium between emitting
area and fiber. All these parameters if considered, reduces refractive index mismatch and
increases external power efficiency thus providing more coupled optical power.
8. A DH surface emitter LED has an emission area diameter of 60μm. Determine emission
area of source
a) 1.534*10-6
b) 5.423*10-3
c) 3.564*10-2
d) 2.826*10-9
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The emission area A of source is given by
A = π(30*10-6) 2= 2.826*10-9cm2.
9. Estimate optical power coupled into fiber of DH SLED having emission area of 1.96*10 -5,
radiance of 40 W/rcm2, numerical aperture of 0.2 and Fresnel reflection coefficient of 0.03 at
index matched fiber surface.
a) 5.459*10-5
b) 1.784*10-3
c) 3.478*102
d) 9.551*10-5
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The optical power coupler in the step index fiber of SLED is given by
Pc = π(1-r) A RD(NA) 2
= 3.14 (1-0.03)*1.96*10-5*40*(0.2) 2
=9.551*10-5W.
10. In a multimode fiber, much of light coupled in the fiber from an LED is
a) Increased
b) Reduced
c) Lost
d) Unaffected
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Optical power from an incoherent source is initially coupled into large angle
rays falling within acceptance angle of fiber but have more energy than Meridional rays.
Energy from these rays goes into the cladding and thus may be lost.
11. Determine the overall power conversion efficiency of lens coupled SLED having forward
current of 20 mA and forward voltage of 2 V with 170 μWof optical power launched into
multimode step index fiber.
a) 1.256*10-5
b) 4.417*102
c) 4.25*10-3
d) 2.14*10-3
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The overall power conversion efficiency is determined by
η pc= Pc/P= 170*10-6/20*10-3*2
=4.25*10-3.
12. The overall power conversion efficiency of electrical lens coupled LED is 0.8% and
power applied 0.0375 V. Determine optical power launched into fiber
a) 0.03
b) 0.05
c) 0.3
d) 0.01
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Optical power launched can be computed by
η pc= Pc/P
Pc= η p*c P
= 0.8 * 0.0375
= 0.03.
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13. Mesa structured SLEDs are used

a) To reduce radiance
b) To increase radiance
c) To reduce current spreading
d) To increase current spreading
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The planar structures of Burros-type LED allow lateral current spreading
specially for contact diameters less than 25 μm.This results in reduced current density and
effective emission area greater than contact area. This technique to reduce current
spreading in very small devices is Mesa structured SLEDs.
14. The InGaAsP is emitting LEDs are realized in terms of restricted
a) Length strip geometry
b) Radiance
c) Current spreading
d) Coupled optical power
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The short striped structure of these LEDs around 100 μmimproves the external
efficiency of LEDs by reducing internal absorption of carriers. These are also called
truncated strip E-LEDs.
15. The active layer of E-LED is heavily doped with
a) Zn
b) Eu
c) Cu
d) Sn
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Zn doping reduces the minority carrier lifetime. Thus this improves the device
modulation bandwidth hence active layer is doped in Zn in E-LEDs.
1. What is/are the consequences of driving the LED in the form of an
output function?

a. Pin sources the current when made low without glowing LED
b. Pin sinks the current when made high without glowing LED
c. Pin sources the current when made high by glowing LED
d. Pin sinks the current when made low by glowing LED

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: d. Pin sinks the current when made low by glowing LED

2. What is the possible range of current limiting resistor essential for

lightening the LED in certain applications after pressing the push-
button?

a. 25- 55 Ω
b. 55-110 Ω
c. 110-220 Ω
d. 220- 330 Ω

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: d. 220- 330 Ω

3. Which among the below given assertions exhibits the dependency of

LED status over them, especially for LED and pushbutton connection?

a. Closure of pushbutton
b. Low Output pin driven by microcontroller
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: c. Both a & b

1. By making use of a CRO _________
a) many characteristics of a signal can be measured
b) only a few characteristics of a signal can be measured
c) no characteristics of a signal can be measured
d) signal can only be displayed
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Through the means of a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, most of the characteristics
of an input signal can be measured. Properties of a signal can be studied as well.
2. How is the waveform adjusted?
a) by adjusting the voltage
b) through shift controls
c) by reducing the current
d) by means of a galvanometer
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, the waveform can be adjusted by means of
shift controls. As a result, the measurement of divisions corresponding to the amplitude
becomes easy.
3. How is error in measurement reduced?
a) using r.m.s value
b) using absolute value
c) using peak to peak value
d) using a voltmeter
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, the error in measurement is reduced by
making use of the peak to peak value.
4. Peak to peak voltage is given by ________

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, the peak to peak voltage is given by the
relation,
Vp-p=number of units×(volts⁄division)
where, Vp-p is the peak to peak voltage.
5. The amplitude of voltage is given by the relation.

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, the amplitude of voltage is given by the
relation,
Vm = (V ⁄2) p-p

where, Vp-p is the peak to peak voltage

Vm is the amplitude.
6. The R.M.S voltage is given by the relation

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The r.m.s value of voltage is given by the relation,

where, Vrms is the r.m.s value of voltage

Vm is the amplitude of the voltage.
7. CRO is voltage measuring device.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Generally, a CRO is a voltage measuring device. Current is measured by
passing current through a known value of resistance. Voltage across the resistance is
displayed on the screen of the CRO.
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8. Period of a waveform is obtained by the relation.

a) T=number of divisions occupied by 1 cycle×(time)
b) T=number of divisions occupied by 1 cycle×(1⁄division)
c) T=number of divisions occupied by 1 cycle×(time⁄division)
d) T=number of divisions occupied by 1 cycle
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The time period of a waveform is obtained by using the relation,
T=number of divisions occupied by 1 cycle×(time⁄division).
9. How is frequency related to time period?
a) square proportional
b) not related
c) directly proportional
d) inversely proportional
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Frequency is inversely proportional to the time period of any given signal.
f = 1⁄t
where, f is the frequency
T is the time period.
41. The cathode of a C.R.O. is usually coated with

A.Alkali metals
B.Tungsten or thorium oxide
C.Copper oxide
 D.Barium or strontium oxide

✔View Answer

D.Barium or strontium oxide

✍Your Comments

42. The input impedance of C.R.O. is

A.Zero
B.Around 100 ohms
C.Around 1000 ohms
D.Around one mega-ohms

✔View Answer

D.Around one mega-ohms

✍Your Comments

43. A C.R.O. can be used to measure

A.A.C. voltages only

B.D.C. voltages only
C.Frequency
D.Any of the above

✔View Answer

D.Any of the above

✍Your Comments

44. The brightest spot, on a cathode ray screen, occurs at

 A.The centre
B.The outer periphery
C.Midway between centre and outer periphery of screen
D.Brightness is same all over the screen

✔View Answer

A.The centre
✍Your Comments

45. Phosphor coating for cathode ray tubes is provided on

A.Inside surfaces only

B.Outside surfaces only
C.Both the surfaces
D.Within the glass

✔View Answer

A.Inside surfaces only

46. For better results a strain gauge should have low

A.Resistance value
B.Gauge factor
C.Resistance temperature co-efficient
D.All of the above

✔View Answer

C.Resistance temperature co-efficient

✍Your Comments
47. A dummy strain gauge is used to

A.Improve the stability of the system

B.Compensate for temperature variations
C.Increase the sensitivity of measuring system
D.None of the above

✔View Answer

C.Increase the sensitivity of measuring system

✍Your Comments

48. Difference amplifier has

A.No drift due to high common mode gain

B.No drift due to symmetrical property
C.Drift
D.None of the above

✔View Answer

D.None of the above

✍Your Comments

49. A dummy bridge employing strain gauge provides ..........

A.Linearity
B.Stability
C.Temperature compensation
D.None of the above
✔View Answer

C.Temperature compensation
✍Your Comments

50. Rosette gauges are used to

A.Amplify strain values

B.Measure variable strain
C.Compensate for temperature variations
D.Measure strain in more than one direction

✔View Answer

D.Measure strain in more than one direction

✍Your Comments
Q1. CRO gives the visual representation of time varying signals. The
display of the signal is

A. One dimensional
B. Two dimensional
C. Three dimensional
D. Four dimensional

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: B. Two dimensional

Q2. Principally CRO is a

A. Ammeter
B. Voltmeter
C. Wattmeter
D. Watt-hour meter
View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: B. Voltmeter

Q3. The sweep generator of a CRO is used to produce

A. Sinusoidal voltage for the horizontal deflection of electron beam

B. Saw tooth voltage for the vertical deflection of electron beam

C. Sinusoidal voltage for the vertical deflection of electron beam

D. Saw tooth voltage for the horizontal deflection of electron beam

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: D. Saw tooth voltage for the horizontal deflection of electron beam

Q4. Which part is called as heart of CRO?

A. CRT
B. Sweep generator
C. Trigger circuit
D. Amplifier

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: A. CRT

Q5. The light emitted by the zinc silicate coated fluorescent screen of
cathode ray tube is usually of
A. Green colour
B. Yellow colour
C. Blue colour
D. White colour

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: A. Green colour

Q6. If the bombardment of electrons ceases i.e. when the signal

becomes zero then the light emitted by the screen will

A. Disappear immediately
B. Persist for some time then it will disappear
C. Will not disappear at all
D. None of these

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: B. Persist for some time then it will disappear

Q7. In terms of the division on screen, the voltage of the waveform in

CRO is

A. Average voltage
B. RMS voltage
C. Peak to peak voltage
D. Maximum voltage

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: C. Peak to peak voltage

Q8. The Lissajous patterns help in the measurement of

A. Phase difference between two sine wave

B. Frequency of one waveform if the frequency of other waveform is known

C. Both (a) and (b)

D. None of these

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: C. Both (a) and (b)

Q9. If the two input waveforms f equal amplitude and 90 degree phase
difference is applied to the CRO then the Lissajous patterns obtained
will be

A. Straight line tilted at 45 degree with respect to X-axis

B. Circle
C. Ellipse
D. Vertical straight line

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: B. Circle

In cathode ray oscilloscope, spots are formed on screen having

A. gridnswer

MCQ: Cathode ray oscilloscope displays graph of waveforms based on

A. voltagenswer
 MCQ: Output of sweep and time base generator will be

A. saw tooth waveformAnswer

MCQ: Electronic device named as cathode ray oscilloscope is known as

A. graph plotting device

A cathode ray oscilloscope consists of

A. The electron gun

B. The deflecting plates
C. A fluorescent screen
D. all of above (ans)

Answer

MCQ: In C.R.O, grid is connected to the

A. positive potential
B. negative potential(ans)
C. AC source
D. DC source

Answer

MCQ: Number of electrons from grid reaching screen determines the

A. brightness level(ans)
B. picture quality
C. sound quality
D. both A and B

Answer

MCQ: An instrument which is used to display magnitudes of changing electric

currents or potentials is called
A. cystoscope
B. gastroscope
C. microscope
D. cathode-ray oscilloscope(ans)

MCQ: Material which gives light as a result of bombardment of fast moving

electrons is

A. Carbon
B. Graphene
C. Potassium
A.D. Phosphorus(ans)

To display heartbeats, wave forms and measuring voltages we use

A. cystoscope
B. gastroscope
C. microscope
D. cathode-ray oscilloscope(ans)

Answer

MCQ: Number of electrons reaching screen determines screen's

A. size
B. brightness(ans)
C. frequency
D. amplitude

Answer

MCQ: In an electron gun, to accelerate electrons, anode is connected to

A. no potential
B. both negative and positive potentials
C. negative potential
D. positive potential(ans)
 Answer

MCQ: More negative potential in electron gun, more electrons will be

A. repel(ans)
B. attract
C. destroy
D. formed

MCQ: To deflect electrons to desired positions on screen of a television tube,

we use

A. circuit breaker
B. electric current
C. electromagnets(ans)
A.D. fuse

B.E. Explanation of Extending the Range of Ammeters

and Voltmeters
C.F. Extending the Range of Ammeters and Voltmeters
D.G. The ranges of electrical measuring instruments (whether ammeter, voltmeter or any other
type of meters) are limited by the currents, which be carried by the coils of the instruments safely.
For example, the moving coils of the instruments can carry maximum current of about 50 mA
safely and the potential drop across the moving coil is about 50 mV. Hence, it becomes
necessary that the current and voltage being measured be reduced and brought within the range
of instrument.
E.H. There are four common devices used for extending the range of the instruments, namely
\
F.I. 1. Shunts
G.J. 2. Multipliers
H.K. 3. Current transformers
I.L. 4. Potential transformers
J.M. The let us discuss the first two topics i.e. shunts and multipliers
K.N.
L.O. 1. Shunts: The range of an ammeters can be extended by connecting a low
resistance, called shunts, connected in parallel with ammeter. The shunt by passes the extra
current and allows only safe current
M.P. to flow through the ammeter
N.Q. Properties of Shunts:
O.R. 1. Temperature coefficient should be low.
P.S. 2. Its resistance should not be vary with time.
Q.T. 3. Should carry the current without excessive temperature rise.
 R.U. 4. Should have low thermal e.m.f with copper.
S.V.
T.W. 2. Multipliers: The range of voltmeter can be extended by connecting a high
resistance, called multiplier in series with the voltmeter coil. The multiplier limits the current
through the meter so that it does not exceed the value of full scale deflection and thus prevents
the movement from being damaged.
U.X. Note: Materials used for multipliers are manganin and constantan.
V.Y. Properties of Multipliers:
W.Z. 1. Their resistance should not change with time.
X.AA. 2. The change in their resistance with temperature should be small i.e. TVR
should be small.
Y.BB. 3. They should be non-inductively wound for A.C meters.

Q1. …………. are integrating instruments?

1. Ammeters
2. Voltmeters
3. Wattmeters
4. Ampere-hour and Watt-hour meters
Ans. 4
Q2. Resistances can be measured with the help of a …………
1. Wattmeter
2. voltmeter
3. ammeter
4. ohmmeter and resistance bridge
5. all of the above
Ans. 4
Q3. ………….. instruments indicate the instantaneous value of the
electrical quantity being measured at the time at which it is being
measured?
1. Absolute
2. Indicating
3. Recording
4. Integrating
Ans. 2
Q4. The use of ………….. instruments is merely confined within
laboratories as standardizing instruments.
1. absolute
2. indicating
3. recording
4. integrating
5. none of the above
Ans. 1
Q5. ………….. instruments measure the total quantity of electricity
delivered at a particular time.
1. absolute
2. indicating
3. recording
4. integrating
Ans. 4
Q6. According to application, instruments can be classified into
………. and ……….
1. switch board
2. portable
3. both 1 and 2
4. moving coil
5. moving iron
6. both 4 and 5
Ans. 3
Q7. The spring material used in a spring control device should have
the following property:
1. should be non-magnetic
2. should have low-temperature co-efficient
3. should have low specific resistance
4. should not be subjected to fatigue
5. all of the above
Ans. 5
Q8. Which of the following properties a damping oil must possess?
1. must be a good insulator
2. should be non-evaporating
3. should not have corrosive action upon the metal of the vane
4. the viscosity of the oil should not change with the temperature
5. all of the above
Ans. 5
Q9. A …………. device prevents the oscillation of the moving system
and enables the latter to reach its final position quickly.
1. deflecting
2. controlling
3. damping
4. all of the above
Ans. 3
Q10. An induction meter can handle current upto ………….
1. 10 A
2. 30 A
3. 60 A
4. 100 A
Ans. 4
Q11. For handling greater currents induction wattmeter are used in
conjunction with …………….
1. potential transformer
2. current transformer
3. power transformer
4. all of the above
Ans. 2
Q12. ……………….. devices may be used for extending the range of
the instruments?
1. shunts
2. multipliers
3. current transformers
4. potential transformer
5. all of the above
Ans. 5
Q13. A moving-coil permanent-magnet instrument can be used as
flux-meter by ………………
1. using a low resistance shunt
2. using a high series resistance
3. eliminating the control springs
4. making control springs of large moment of inertia
Ans. 3
Q14. A moving-coil permanent-magnet instrument can be used as
………….. by using a low resistance shunt.
1. ammeter
2. voltmeter
3. flux-meter
4. ballistic galvanometer
Ans. 1
Q15. A potentiometer may be used for …………
1. measurement of resistance
2. measurement of current
3. calibration of ammeter
4. calibration of voltmeter
5. all of the above
Ans. 5
Q16. ……………. are not used on D.C. circuits.
1. Mercury motor meters
2. commutator motor meters
3. induction meters
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q17. …………. is an essential part of a motor meter .
1. an operating torque system
2. a barking device
3. revolution registering device
4. all of the above
Ans. 4
Q18. Induction type single phase energy meters measure electric
energy in ……..
1. kW
2. Wh
3. kWh
4. VAR
5. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q19. The pointer of an indicating instrument should be ……
1. very light
2. very heavy
3. either 1 or 2
4. neither 1 nor 2
Ans. 1
Q20. The household energy meter is ………..
1. an indicating instrument
2. a recording instrument
3. an integrating instrument
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q21. The chemical effect of current is used in …….
1. D.C. ammeter hour meter
2. D.D. ammeter
3. D.C. energy meter
4. none f the above
Ans. 1
Q22. In majority of instruments, damping is provided by ………
1. fluid friction
2. spring
3. eddy currents
4. all of the above
Ans. 3
Q23. An ammeter is a …………….. instrument.
1. secondary instrument
2. absolute instrument
3. recording instrument
4. integrating instrument
Ans. 1
Q24. The switchboard instruments should be mounted in ………..
position.
1. vertical
2. horizontal
3. either 1 or 2
4. neither 1 nor 2
Ans. 1
Q25. The function of shunt in an ammeter is to …………..
1. by pass the current
2. increase the sensitivity of the ammeter
3. increase the resistance of ammeter
4. none of the above
Ans. 1
Q26. The multiplier and the meter-coil in a voltmeter are in …….
1. series
2. parallel
3. series-parallel
4. none of the above
Ans. 1
Q27. A moving iron instrument can be used for ……..

1. D.C. only
2. A.C. only
3. both D.C. and A.C.
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q28. The scale of a rectifier instrument is ………..
1. linear
2. non-linear
3. either 1 or 2
4. neither 1 nor 2
Ans. 1
Q29. To measure current at high frequency, we must use ……..
1. moving iron instrument
2. electrostatic instrument
3. thermocouple instrument
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q30. The resistance in the circuit of the moving coil of a dynamometer
should be ……
1. zero
2. low
3. high
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q31. A dynamometer wattmeter can be used for ………
1. D.C. only
2. A.C. only
3. both D.C. and A.C.
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q32. An induction wattmeter can be used for …………
1. D.C. only
2. A.C. only
3. both D.C. and A.C.
4. none of the above
Ans. 1
Q33. In a 3-phase power measurement by two wattmeter method, the
reading on one of the wattmeter is zero. The power factor of the load
must be ………….
1. unity
2. 0.5
3. 0.3
4. zero
Ans. 2
Q34. The adjustment of position of shading bands, in an energy meter
is done to provide ……….
1. friction compensation
2. creep compensation
3. braking torque
4. none of the above
Ans. 1
Q35. An ohmmeter is a ………… instrument.
1. moving iron
2. moving coil
3. dynamometer
4. none of the above
Ans. 2
Q36. To measure a very high resistance, we should use ………..
1. Kelvin’s double bridge
2. Wheat stone bridge
3. Meggar
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q37. The electric power t a Meggar is provided by ………..
1. battery
2. permanent magnet D.C. generator
3. A.C. generator
4. any of the above
Ans. 2
Q38. In a Meggar cntrolling torque is providec by ……….
1. spring
2. gravity
3. coil
4. eddy current
Ans. 3
Q39. The operating voltage of a Meggar is about ……….V.
1. 6 V
2. 12 V
3. 40 V
4. 100 V
Ans. 4
Q40. Murray loop test can be used for location of …………..
1. ground fault on a cable
2. short circuit fault on a cable
3. both the ground fault and short-circuit fault
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q41. …………… should be used for an accurate measurement of low
D.C. voltage.
1. small range moving coil voltmeter
2. D.C. potentiometer
3. small range thermocouple voltmeter
4. none of the above
Ans. 2
Q42. The best device to measure the true open circuit e.m.f. of a
battery is ………….
1. D.C. voltmetr
2. ammeter and a known resistance
3. D.C. potentiometer
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q43. A phase shifting transformer is used in conjunction with ………..
1. D.C. potentiometer
2. Drysdale potentiometer
3. A.C. co-ordinate potentiometer
4. Crompton potentiometer
Ans. 2
Q44. In order to achieve high accuracy, the slide wire of a
potentiometer should be …………
1. as long as possible
2. as short as possible
3. neither too small nor too large
4. very thick
Ans. 1
Q45. The stator of phase shifting transformer for use in conjunction
with an A.C. potentiometer usually has a ………….
1. single-phase winding
2. two-phase winding
3. three-phase winding
4. none of the above
Ans. 2
Q46. In an A.C. co-ordinate potentiometer, the currents in the phase
and quadrature potentiometer are adjusted to be …………..
1. out of phase by 90°
2. out of phase by 180°
3. out of phase by 60°
4. out of phase by 0°
Ans. 1
Q47. A universal RLC bridge uses ……………
1. Maxwell bridge configuration for measurement of inductance and De
Santy’s bridge for measurement of capacitance
2. Maxwell Wein bridge configuration for measurement of inductance
and De Santy’s bridge for measurement of capacitance
3. Maxwell Wein bridge configuration for measurement of inductance
and Wein bridge for measurement of capacitance
4. None of the above
Ans. 2
Q48. For measurements on high voltage capacitors, the suitable bridge
is ………….
1. Wein bridge
2. Modified De Santy’s bridge
3. Schering bridge
4. none of the above
Ans. 3
Q49. Wagner earthing device is used to eliminate errors due to
………..
1. electrostatic coupling
2. electromagnetic coupling
3. both 1 and 2
4. none of the above
Ans. 1
Q50. Mutual inductance can be measured by using ……………
1. Anderson bridge
2. Maxwell’s bridge
3. Heaviside bridge
4. any of the above
Ans. 3
Q51. The full range of audibility in audio frequency oscillator is
…………
1. 0 to 20 Hz
2. 20 Hz to 2 kHz
3. 20 Hz to 20 kHz
4. 20 Hz to 20 MHz
Ans. 2
Q52. A liquid crystal display requires …………..
1. An AC drive
2. A DC drive
3. Both AC and DC drive
4. None of these
Ans. 1
Q53. The detectors used in optical sensors are …………..
1. Photodiodes
2. Phototransistors
3. Laser
4. Only (1) and (2)
5. All the above
Ans. 4
Q54. Optical sensors used for the displacement measurement works on
the principal that ………….
1. Intensity of light increases with distance
2. Intensity of light decreases with distance
3. Intensity of light remains constant with distance
4. Intensity of light increases with time
Ans. 2
Q55. Capacitance sensor can measure very small displacement. It can
be formed by varying ………
1. Separation
2. Area
3. Permittivity
4. Either (1) or (2) or (3)
Ans. 4
Q56. The ionization gauge an instrument used for the measurement
of …………….
1. Very low pressure
2. Medium pressure
3. High pressure
4. Very high pressure
Ans. 1
Q57. Dead weight gauge is used for the measurement of pressure
of ………………
1. About 1000 bar
2. About 2000 bar
3. About 5000 bar
4. About 7000 bar
Ans. 4
Q58. Bourdon tube is used for the measurement of gauge pressure of
……………
1. Gas
2. Liquid fluid
3. Solid
4. Only (1) and (2)
5. All the above
Ans. 4
Q59. The resistances of potential transformer winding is minimized by
using ……………….
1. Thick conductors and small length of turns
2. Thin conductors and small length of turns
3. Thin conductors and large length of turns
4. Thick conductors and large length of turns
Ans. 1
Q60. The nominal ratio for a current transformer is given by
…………
1. rated primary winding current/rated secondary winding current
2. number of turns in the primary winding/number of turns in the
secondary winding
3. number of turns in the secondary winding/number of turns in the
primary winding
4. rated secondary winding current/rated primary winding current
Ans. 1
Q61. Moving iron power factor meter are suitable for 3 phase
balanced circuits. It consists of ………..
1. One control spring
2. Two control spring
3. Three control spring
4. No control spring
Ans. 4
Q62. If the frequency of electrodynamic power factor meter is doubled
then its reading will become………….
1. Twice of the original reading
2. Half of the original reading
3. Four times of the original reading
4. Remains unaffected
Ans. 4
Q63. A moving iron frequency meter consists of ………….
1. Two inductive circuits connected in parallel
2. One inductive and one non inductive circuit connected in parallel
3. Two non inductive circuits connected in parallel
4. One inductive and one non inductive circuit connected in series
Ans. 2
Q64. The electrodynamic frequency meters have ………….
1. Linear scale and their readings does not depends on voltage
2. Linear scale and their readings depends on voltage
3. Non linear scale and their readings does not depends on voltage
4. Non linear scale and their readings depends on voltage
Ans. 1
Q65. The earth resistance can be measured by …………..
1. Fall of potential method
2. Using an earth tester
3. Ducter ohmmeter method
4. Only (1) and (2)
5. All the above
Ans. 4
Q66. Electrical equipments are generally earthed through an
electrode to avoid shocks when someone touches the body of the
equipment. The earth resistance is effected by …………..
1. Depth of electrodes buried in the soil
2. Shape and material of earth electrodes
3. Specific resistance of the soil surrounding the electrode
4. All of these
5. None of these
Ans. 4
Q67. When a voltmeter – ammeter method is applied for the
measurement of resistance, the voltmeter reads a value of 8.28 V and
the ammeter reading is 4.14 mA. Then the value of the resistance will
be ……………
1. 2 kΩ
2. 20 kΩ
3. 200 kΩ
4. 2000 kΩ
Ans. 3
Q68. In AC bridges, the Wagner earth devices are used to …………….
1. Remove all the earth capacitances from the bridge circuit
2. Remove harmonics
3. Reduce error caused by stray electric field
4. All of these
Ans. 4
Q69. Shielding of the capacitor is done to ……………
1. Make the value of capacitor definite
2. Balance the bridge without any problem
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these
Ans. 3
Q70. The indicating instruments with linear scale is ……….
1. PMMC
2. Electrostatic instrument
3. Dynamometer instrument
4. Thermocouple instrument
Ans. 1
Q71. The resistance potential divider method and capacitance
potential divider method is used for………….
1. Both AC and DC
2. Former method can be used for both AC and DC and the later method
can be used only for AC
3. Former method can be used for AC only and the later method can be
used for both AC and DC
4. Former method can be used for DC only and the later method can be
used only for AC
Ans. 2
Q72. The range of electrostatic voltmeter can be extended by using
…………..
1. Resistance potential divider method
2. Capacitance potential divider method
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these
Ans. 3
Q73. The multiplying factor of electrostatic voltmeters is given
by ………….
1. ( C + C v ) / C
2. ( C + C v ) / C v
3. C / ( C + C v )
4. C v / ( C + C v )
Ans. 1
Q74. In electrostatic instruments iron is not used for construction.
These instruments are ………..
1. Free from hysteresis and eddy current losses
2. Free from temperature errors
3. Dependent on temperature errors
4. Both (1) and (2)
5. None of the above
Ans. 4
Q75. If an electrostatic voltmeter is used on AC circuit and has non
uniform waves, then it will read ………..
1. Average values
2. RMS values
3. Peak values
4. All of these
Ans. 2
Q76. Electrostatic voltmeter instruments are suitable for ……………
1. AC work only
2. DC work only
3. Both AC and DC work
4. None of these
Ans. 3
Q77. A Kelvin’s multicellular voltmeter has a torsion head and a
coach spring for …………….
1. Protection against accidental fraction of suspension due to vibration
2. For zero adjustment
3. Torsion head for zero adjustment and coach spring for Protection
against accidental fraction of suspension due to vibration
4. Torsion head for Protection against accidental fraction of suspension
due to vibration and coach spring for zero adjustment
Ans. 3
Q78. In electrostatic voltmeters, the principle of their operation is the
force of attraction between electric charges on neighboring plates
between which potential difference is maintained. The attracted – disc
type electrostatic instruments are used for the measurement of
…………..
1. Very low voltages
2. Low voltages
3. High voltages
4. Very high voltages
Ans. 4
Q79. Electrostatic instruments are generally used as …………
1. Voltmeters
2. Ammeters
3. Wattmeters
4. Watt-hour meters
Ans. 1
Q80. If the quantity to be measured remains constant during the
process of taking the repeated measurements then the random errors
can be eliminated by ………………
1. Calculating the mean of the number of repeated measurements
2. Calculating the median of the number of repeated measurements
3. Calculating the sum of the numbers of repeated measurements
4. Either (1) or (2)
Ans. 4
Q81. The error between the mean of finite data set and mean of
infinite data set is known as ………….
1. True error of the mean
2. Standard error of the mean
3. Finite error
4. Infinite error
Ans. 2
Q82. In a measurement system,
1. A single measurement components may have both random errors and
systematic errors
2. A measurement system consists of several components with each
component having separate errors
3. Both the statement (1) & (2) are true
4. Neither statement (1) nor statement (2) is true
Ans. 3
Q83. If the degree of damping of an instrument should be adjusted to
a value which is sufficient to enable the pointer to rise quickly to its
deflected position without overshooting is called as …………
1. Overdamped
2. Dead beat
3. Underdamped
4. None of these
Ans. 2
Q84. Due to overdamping, the instrument will become …………….
1. Slow
2. Lethargic
3. Fast
4. Both (1) and (2)
Ans. 4
Q85. While measuring resistance by the voltmeter – ammeter method,
the maximum possible percentage error in the voltmeter and ammeter
are ± 1.8% and ± 1.2% respectively. Then the maximum possible
percentage error in the value of resistance will be …………..
1. ± 3%
2. ± 4%
3. ± 4.2%
4. ± 4.8%
Ans. 1
Q86. If the resistance in a circuit is given by 80 Ω ± 0.2% and the
current flowing through it is 5A ± 0.1%, then the uncertainty in the
power will be ………….
1. ± 0.2 %
2. ± 0.4 %
3. ± 0.6 %
4. ± 0.8 %
Ans. 2
Q87. When a 100 V moving iron voltmeter is of accuracy class 1 – 0 is
used in a circuit, it reads 50 V. Then the maximum possible percentage
error in the reading is …………
1. 1 %
2. 2 %
3. 2.5 %
4. 3 %
Ans. 2
Q88. In liquid crystal displays, the liquid crystal exhibits properties of
…………………
1. Liquid
2. Solids
3. Gases
4. Both (1) and (2)
Ans. 4
Q89. In light emitting diode, the available light emitting region
is …………..
1. Less than 2.5 mm
2. From 2.5 to 25 mm
3. Greater than 25 mm
4. Greater than 50 mm
Ans. 2
Q90. Resolver works on the principal of mutual inductance variation.
It is mainly used for the measurement of ……………
1. Linear displacement
2. Non – linear displacement
3. Rotary motion
4. All of these
Ans. 3
Q91. In rotary variable differential transformer, the mutual
inductance between the primary and secondary coils varies …………
1. Linearly with the angular displacement
2. Non – linearly with the angular displacement
3. Linearly with the linear displacement
4. Non – linearly with the linear displacement
Ans. 1
Q92. LVDT which is an instrument for the measurement of
displacement, works on the principal of ……..
1. Linear inductance
2. Non – linear inductance
3. Mutual inductance
4. Linear capacitance
Ans. 3
Q93. The instruments used for the measurement of pressure is /
are …………….
1. Bellows
2. Diaphragms
3. Fiber optic pressure sensors
4. All of these
5. None of the above
Ans. 4
Q94. A capacitive pressure sensor has a typical measurement
uncertainty of …………….
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
Ans. 4
Q95. If an instrument transformer is used to extend the ranges of AC
instrument, then its reading will depend on ………..
1. R
2. L
3. C
4. All of these
5. None of these
Ans. 5
Q96. The potential transformers are used to measure large voltage
using …………..
1. High range voltmeter
2. Low range voltmeter
3. High range ammeter
4. Low range ammeter
Ans. 4
Q97. Vibration galvanometer are generally used ……………
1. For measuring electric charges
2. As null – point detectors in ac bridges
3. As null – point detectors in dc bridges
4. For measuring power
Ans. 2
Q98. The two wattmeters used for the measurement of power input
read 50 kW each. What will be the readings of the two wattmeters if
the power factor is changed to 0.8 leading keeping the total input
power same?
1. 28.35W, 71.65W
2. 31.25W, 73.71W
3. 33.33W, 73.33W
4. 38.35W, 75.5W
Ans. 1
Q99. For the measurement of unknown inductance in terms of known
capacitance, the suitable ac bridges are ………..
1. Maxwell and Schering bridge
2. Maxwell and Wien’s bridge
3. Maxwell and Hay’s bridge
4. Hay’s and Wien’s bridge
Ans. 3
Q100. The Wien’s bridges is suitable for the measurement of
frequency of the range of ……….
1. Less than 100 Hz
2. 100 Hz to 100 kHz
3. 1 kHz to 100 MHz
4. More than 100 MHz
Ans. 2
Q101. For the measurement of low resistances, Kelvin’s double bridge
has high accuracy because:
1. It has two set of ratio arms which eliminates effect of resistance of
connecting lead
2. It has a null indicating galvanometer
3. It has two null indicator
4. It has four sets of ratio arms which eliminates the effect of resistance of
connecting lead
Ans. 1
Q102. Swamping resistance is a resistance made up of ………………
1. Alloy of manganin and copper
2. Alloy of aluminium and copper
3. Alloy of nickel and cobalt
4. Alloy of manganin and aluminium
Ans. 1
Q103. In a moving coil of a meter swamping resistance is added to
……….
1. Reduce the frequency error
2. Reduce the temperature error
3. Reduce the power consumption
4. All of these
Ans. 2
Q104. The frequency errors in induction instruments can be
compensated by the use of ………..
1. Non inductive shunt in both ammeters and voltmeters
2. Non inductive shunt in case of ammeters and are generally self
compensated in case of voltmeters
3. Self compensated in case of both ammeters and voltmeters
4. Self compensated in case of ammeters and non inductive shunt in case
of voltmeters
Ans. 2
Q105. For reducing the errors in an induction instrument the
alternating current to be measured has …………
1. Same frequency with which the instrument was calibrated
2. High frequency compared with which the instrument was calibrated
3. Low frequency compared with which the instrument was calibrated
4. None of these
Ans. 1
Q106. In induction voltmeter, split phase windings are obtained by
connecting a ……….
1. High resistances in series with windings of both the magnets
2. High resistance in series with the winding of one magnet and an
inductive coil in series with the windings of other magnet
3. An inductive coil in series with the winding of one magnet and a
capacitance in series with the windings of other magnet
4. Inductive coils in series with the winding of both the magnets
Ans. 2
Q107. A cylindrical type with split phase winding induction ammeters
employs ………..
1. A rotating disc
2. A hollow aluminum drum
3. A single flux producing winding
4. Either (1) or (2)
Ans. 2
Q108. Induction type instruments are generally used as ……….
1. Ammeter
2. Voltmeter
3. Wattmeter
4. All of these
5. None of these
Ans. 4
Q109. Damping torque is the torque which acts on …………..
1. Stationary system of the instrument
2. Moving system of the instrument only when it is stationary
3. Moving system of the instrument only when it is moving
4. Stationary system of the instrument only when the moving system is
moving
Ans. 3
Q110. The gravity controlled instruments has to be kept …………
1. Vertical
2. Horizontal
3. Inclined at 45 degree
4. Inclined at 75 degree
Ans. 1
Q111. Random errors in a measurement system are due to …………..
1. Environmental changes
2. Use of uncalibrated instrument
3. Poor cabling practices
4. Unpredictable effects
Ans. 4
Q112. Calibration of instrument is an important consideration in
measurement system. The errors due to instruments being out of
calibration can be rectified by …………..
1. Increasing the frequency of recalibration
2. Increasing the temperature coefficient
3. Increasing the susceptibility of measuring instrument
4. Decreasing the frequency of recalibration
Ans. 1
Q112. The undesirable characteristics of a measuring system
is …………….
1. Drift
2. Dead zone
3. Non linearity
4. All of these
Ans. 4
Q113. If the instrument is used in wrong manner while application,
then it will results in ……….
1. Systematic error
2. Instrument error
3. Random error
4. Environmental error
Ans. 2
Q114. Suitable method for the reduction of systematic errors is /
are ……………
1. Instrument must be designed carefully
2. By introducing an equal and opposite environmental input for
compensating the effect of environmental input in a measurement
system
3. By adding high gain feedback to measurement system
4. All of these
Ans. 4
Q115. The systematic errors of an instrument can be reduced by
making ………….
1. The sensitivity of instrument to environmental input as low as possible
2. The sensitivity of instrument to environmental input as high as possible
3. Systematic errors does not depend on the sensitivity of instrument
4. None of these
Ans. 1
Q116. The magnitude of environment – induced variation from the
specified calibration condition is quantified by ………
1. Sensitivity drift
2. Zero drift
3. Backlash
4. Both (1) & (2)
Ans. 4
Q117. In a moving coil voltmeter, the input resistance of the meter can
be increased by ……….
1. Increasing the number of turns in the coil
2. Decreasing the number of turns in the coil
3. Using the same number of coil turns made up of high resistance
material
4. Both (1) & (3)
Ans. 4
Q118. Depending on whether the display is a numeric or
alphanumeric, the segmental display is ……
1. 7 segmental
2. 14 segmental
3. 21 segmental
4. Either (1) or (2)
5. None of the above
Ans. 4
Q119. The measurements which can be simplified by using X – Y
recorders is / are …………..
1. Speed – torque characteristics of motors
2. Regulation curves of power supplies
3. Hysteresis curves
4. All of these
Ans. 4
Q120. Potentiometer is used for the measurement of ………..
1. Linear displacement
2. Angular displacement
3. Non – linear displacement
4. Only (1) and (2)
5. All the above
Ans. 4
Q121. The displacement measuring instruments is / are ………
1. Potentiometer
2. LVDT
3. RVDT
4. All of these
Ans. 4
Q122. In fibre – optic level sensors, the amount of light loss depends
on ………..
1. The proportion of cable that is submerged in the liquid
2. Amount of light which is reflected back
3. The proportion of cable that is not in the liquid
4. Amount of light which is not reflected back
Ans. 1
Q123. Instrument which is capable of discriminating temperature
differences of even 0.1 degree Celsius is ………..
1. Fibre – optic level sensors
2. Laser method
3. Thermography
4. Vibrating level sensors
Ans. 3
Q124. Contact devices used for the measurement of level are …………
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. Remains same
4. None of these
Ans. 2
Q125. For the measurement of pressure the instruments used can be
……….
1. Mechanical
2. Electro – mechanical
3. Electronic
4. All of these
5. None of these
Ans. 4
Q126. If at one end, the two wires made of different metals are joined
together then a voltage will get produced between the two wires due to
difference of temp between the two ends of wires. This effect is
observed in ………..
1. Thermocouples
2. Thermistors
3. RTD
4. Ultrasonics
Ans. 1
Q127. Schering bridges are used for the measurement of ………..
1. Unknown capacitance
2. Dielectric loss
3. Power factor
4. All of these
5. None of these
Ans. 4
Q128. The AC Bridge which is used for the measurement of frequency
is …………
1. Schering bridge
2. Wien bridge
3. Hay’s bridge
4. Anderson bridge
Ans. 2
Q129. If the reading of the two wattmeters is equal and opposite while
measuring power in a 3 phase induction motor then the power factor
of the load will be …………..
1. Unity
2. Zero
3. 0.5 lagging
4. 0.5 leading
Ans. 2
Q130. The transformer ratio of the transformer depends upon
the …………
1. Exciting current
2. Secondary current
3. Power factor of secondary circuit
4. All of these
Ans. 4
Q131. Primary current in a current transformer is determined
by ………
1. The load on the system
2. The load on its own secondary
3. The load on its own primary
4. All of these
Ans. 1
Q132. The bridge suitable for the measurement of capacitance is /
are ………
1. Anderson’s bridge
2. Hay’s bridge
3. Owen’s bridge
4. None of these
Ans. 4