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K2 - Histology of Urinary System
K2 - Histology of Urinary System
SYSTEM
Histology Departement
FK USU
August 2009
Urinary System:
System Kidney, urinary passages
Passages include:
Calyces
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Accessory parts include:
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Kidney:
Kidney
Flattened, bean-shaped ~4.5 inches long
Capsule:
Capsule thin, fibrous, weakly attached (mostly collagenous fibers)
Interstitial C.T. scant; entirely reticular tissue
Hilus: slit-like orifice opens into expanded renal sinus,
sinus a flattened cavity
Renal sinus filled with: renal pelvis (expanded ureter); fat; C.T.;
blood vessels; nerves
Kidney cross-section
Renal Pelvis:
Subdivided into 2 or 3 major calyces
Major calyces (1) subdivide into 7 10 minor calyces (2)
Minor calyces fit over a renal papilla (3)
3
Kidney interior: largely parenchyma
Nephron:
The physiological unit of the kidney used for filtration of blood and
reabsorption and secretion of materials
Unbranched; 35 mm. long
Includes straight portions & convoluted portions
1,300,000 tubules each kidney
Collecting tubules
part of a branched, tree-like system of excretory ducts
tubules are straight
Length: 21 mm. (each)
Nephrons
Parts of the Uriniferous Tubule
Consecutive portions differ structurally & functionally
(proximal means near the glomerulus & distal means nearer the papilla)
The parts starting from the proximal end, taken in order:
Nephron
Glomerular capsule of Bowman
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (including the
straight portion = thick, descending segment of Henles
loop)
Thin segment of Henles loop
Thick, ascending segment of Henles loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule
The Excretory (= duct) Portion
Arched Collecting Tubule (= junctional tubule)
Straight Collecting Tubule
Papillary Duct of Bellini
Uriniferous tubule segment locations are constant (recognizable regions)
3 primary topographical regions in kidney
Cortical labyrinth
Cortical ray
Medulla
In each region, 3 different tubular segments easily recognized (marked with
asterisk)
Cortical Labyrinth
Glomerular capsule of Bowman*
Proximal Convoluted Tubule*
Thick, ascending segment of Henles loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule*
Arched Collecting Duct
Cortical Ray
Straight portion of Proximal Convoluted Tubule*
Thick Ascending Segment of Henles Loop*
Straight Collecting Tubule*
Medulla
Straight portion of Proximal Tubule (thick, descending
segment of Henles Loop)
Thin segment of Henles Loop*
Thick, ascending segment of Henles Loop*
Straight Collecting Tubule; Papillary Duct of Bellini*
Tubule Characteristics
Epithelium is specific to each segment (tubule)
Epithelium of excretory ducts is of one structural type
All rest on a basement membrane
Juxtaglomerular apparatus:
Consists of JG cell, macula densa & mesangial cell (Lacis cell or Polkissen cell)
Functions in the regulation of blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin which activates angiotensin II
(a vasoconstrictor)
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Glomerular Capsule
Bowmans Capsule an epithelial cup
Parietal (external) & visceral (internal) layer
both are simple squamous epithelium
cell boundaries; basement membrane - clear
Layers are continuous
Layers enclose space
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Glomerulus & Sel Podosit
Renal Corpuscle and the Filtration
Membrane
Neck very short segment of tubule!
Parietal layer opens into neck (urinary pole)
pole
Rapid epithelial change: flat capsular cells rise to cuboidal then to
low columnar
Proximal Convoluted Tubule longest (14 mm.), broadest (60 ) tubule segment
Most of bulk of pars convoluta (cortex)
Remarkably contorted tubule!
Location: Immediate vicinity of renal corpuscle
Enters medullary (cortical) ray in ray to medulla
Straightens in ray (= straight portion of proximal tubule or thick
descending segment of Henles loop)
Cells are low columnar
Cell limits indistinct
Nuclei: large, pale, spheroidal 3 to 4 show in
transverse section
Free surface: brush border resorpitive function
Thin Segment of Henles Loop
Location: boundary zone of medulla
Sharp transition from thick proximal tubule: reduced to 2 to 10 mm. long &
15 wide
Resembles a capillary but is larger & thicker walled
Short or long and recurved
If this part extends past apex of loop: makes sharp hair-pin bend
Interlocking cells squamous with pale cytoplasm
Brush border is absent
Microvilli present (can see on EM)
Nuclei flat, bulge into lumen
Collecting Duct
Thin Segment
Muscularis
largely confined to prostatic & membranous segments
inner layer (smooth muscle) longitudinal
outer layer (smooth muscle) circular
best developed at bladder neck forms sphincter
cavernous segment lacks smooth muscle layers
longitudinal muscle in true erectile tissue
Adventitia
No typical adventitia present
Prostatic urethra surrounded by prostate gland
Membranous urethra encircled by sphincter of
skeletal muscle
Cavernous urethra surrounded by erectile tissue &
dense outer sheath (neither belong to urethra)
The Histology of the Organs that Collect
and Transport Urine
Figure 26.20a
REFERENSI