MOLLIER

DIAGRAM

Prepared By:
Sumit Khachane
About the Mollier Chart
Diagram
The Mollier chart is also known as H-S or H-X
diagram or enthalpy pressure diagram. Where the
letter H stands for enthalpy and the X or S for the
relative water vapor fraction. The graph is bound by
the line where complete saturation of air with water
is achieved. On this line, the saturation line, air
contains the maximum amount of water. In this
situation the percentage of relative humidity equals
100%. The Mollier diagram is a graphical
representation of 3 components: Firstly, the
enthalpy H, as illustrated in "Heat-content". In the
Mollier diagram, to be read in the example below,
the enthalpy is shown in h(kJ / kg). Secondly, the
water content of air. This is shown in the form of the
moisture content x [g / kg] at the upper side of the
Details
On the diagram, lines of constant pressure, constant
temperature and volume are plotted, so in a two-
phase region, the lines of constant pressure and
temperature coincide.
Thework doneonvapor cyclesis represented by
length, so it can be measured directly.
Lines of constantdryness fraction , sometimes
called thequalityof the steam, are drawn in the wet
region and lines of constant temperature are drawn
in the superheated region.
In general such charts do not show the values
ofspecific volumes, nor do they show the enthalpies
of saturated water at pressures which are of the
order of those experienced in condensers in
Dew Point
The Dew Point is the temperature at which water vapor
starts to condense out of the air, the temperature at
which air becomes completely saturated. Above this
temperature the moisture will stay in the air.
If the dew-point temperature is close to the air
temperature, the relative humidity is high, and if the
dew point is well below the air temperature, the
relative humidity is low.
The Dew Point temperature can be measured by filling
a metal can with water and ice cubes. Stir by a
thermometer and watch the outside of the can. When
the vapor in the air starts to condensate on the outside
of the can, the temperature on the thermometer is
pretty close to the dew point of the actual air.
The dew point temperature can be read by following a
Dry-Bulb Temperature
Thedry-bulb temperature(DBT) is
thetemperatureof air measured by a thermometer
freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation
and moisture. DBT is thetemperaturethat is usually
thought of as air temperature, and it is the true
thermodynamictemperature.
Dry bulb temperature is usually referred to as air
temperature, is the air property that is most
common used. When people refer to the
temperature of the air, they are normally referring
to its dry bulb temperature. Dry-bulb temperature -
Tdb, can be measured by using a normal
thermometer. The dry-bulb temperature is an
indicator of heat content and is shown along the left
axis of the Mollier diagram. The horizontal lines
Wet-Bulb Temperature
Thewet-bulb temperatureis thetemperaturea
parcel of air would have if it were cooled to
saturation (100% relative humidity) by the
evaporation of water into it, with the latent heat
being supplied by the parcel. Awet-
bulbthermometer indicates atemperatureclose to
the true (thermodynamic)temperature.
Wet bulb temperature is associated with the
moisture content of the air. Wet bulb temperature
can be measured with a thermometer that has the
bulb covered with a water-moistened bandage with
air flowing over the thermometer. Wet bulb
temperatures are always lower than dry bulb
temperatures but they will be identical with 100%
relative humidity in the air (the air is at the
Heating of air
Cooling and Dehumidifying air
Mixing of air of different
condition
Humidifying, Adding steam or
water
Psychometr
ic chart
The psychometric
chart is a variant of
the Mollier diagram
used in some parts
of the world.
Application and Usage
It can be used in practical applications such
asmalting, to represent the grain-air-moisture
system.
The underlying property data for the Mollier
diagram is identical to apsychrometric chart. At
first inspection, there may appear little
resemblance between the charts, but if the user
rotates a chart ninety degrees and looks at it in a
mirror, the resemblance is apparent.
The Mollier diagram coordinates are
enthalpyhand humidity ratiox. The enthalpy
coordinate isskewedand the constant enthalpy
lines are parallel and evenly spaced.
The Mollier diagram is preferred by many users in
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