Adhara M.

Pumaren BSChE-4

Assignment #1

Dry Bulb Temperature - Tdb

The Dry Bulb temperature, usually referred to as "air temperature", is the air property that is most
commonly used. When people refer to the temperature of the air they are normally referring to the dry bulb
temperature.

The Dry Bulb Temperature refers basically to the ambient air temperature. It is called "Dry Bulb"
because the air temperature is indicated by a thermometer not affected by the moisture of the air.

The dry-bulb temperature is an indicator of heat content and is shown along the bottom axis of
the psychrometric chart or along the left side of the Mollier diagram. Constant dry bulb temperatures appear
as vertical lines in the psychrometric chart or horizontal lines in the Mollier diagram.

Wet Bulb Temperature - Twb

The Wet Bulb temperature is the adiabatic saturation temperature.Wet Bulb temperature can be
measured by using a thermometer with the bulb wrapped in wet muslin. The adiabatic evaporation of water
from the thermometer bulb and the cooling effect is indicated by a "wet bulb temperature" lower than the
"dry bulb temperature" in the air.

The rate of evaporation from the wet bandage on the bulb, and the temperature difference between
the dry bulb and wet bulb, depends on the humidity of the air. The evaporation from the wet muslin is
reduced when air contains more water vapor.

The Wet Bulb temperature is always between the Dry Bulb temperature and the Dew Point. For the
wet bulb, there is a dynamic equilibrium between heat gained because the wet bulb is cooler than the
surrounding air and heat lost because of evaporation. The wet bulb temperature is the temperature of an
object that can be achieved through evaporative cooling, assuming good air flow and that the ambient air
temperature remains the same.

Dew Point Temperature - Tdp

The Dew Point is the temperature where water vapor starts to condense out of the air (the
temperature at which air becomes completely saturated). Above this temperature the moisture stays in the
air.

 if the dew-point temperature is close to the dry air temperature - the relative humidity is high
 if the dew point is well below the dry air temperature - the relative humidity is low
If moisture condenses on a cold bottle taken from the refrigerator the dew-point temperature of the
air is above the temperature in the refrigerator.

The Dew Point temperature is always lower than the Dry Bulb temperature and will be identical
with 100% relative humidity (the air is at the saturation line). As air temperature changes the Dew Point
tends to remain constant unless water is added or removed from the air.

The Dew Point is given by the saturation line in the psychrometric chart.
Adiabatic Saturation Temperature

Adiabatic saturation temperature refers to a temperature at which water converts into air by the
process of evaporation adiabatically, and makes it saturated. Means a temperature at saturation level of air.
The device used for this type of process is known as adiabatic saturator.

Humidity
Humidity is the term used to denote the vapor content of a gas and usually refers to the air-water
system. In all work on the related subjects of Air Conditioning and water cooling, it is customary to base
definitions on unit mass of dry air (or other gas). Thus, the humidity of air is the mass of water vapor
associated with unit mass of dry air. It is a dimensionless quantity (kg/kg or lb/lb) and, therefore, has the
same numerical value whatever system of coherent units is employed.

Absolute Humidity
Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapor divided by the mass of dry air in a volume of air at a
given temperature. The hotter the air is, the more water it can contain. Absolute humidity is expressed as
grams of moisture per cubic meter of air (g/m3).

Relative Humidity
Relative humidity is the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolute
humidity (which depends on the current air temperature). A reading of 100 percent relative humidity means
that the air is totally saturated with water vapor and cannot hold any more, creating the possibility of rain.
This doesn't mean that the relative humidity must be 100 percent in order for it to rain — it must be 100
percent where the clouds are forming, but the relative humidity near the ground could be much less

Humid Volume
Humid volume is defined as ,volume occupied by unit mass of dry gas and its associated vapor .
This is also sometimes called as specific volume and is simply reciprocal of density.
Humid volume increases as the temperature or water vapor content increases.

Humid Heat
The humid heat is the heat capacity (specific heat) of humid air, expressed per unit mass of dry air
in the mixture.
Humid Heat is a ratio of the increase in total heat per kilogram of dry air to the rise in temperature,
with constant pressure and humidity ratio.

Total enthalpy
Total enthalpy is defined at every point in a flow field but stagnation enthalpy is only defined at a
stagnation point. Total enthalpy is the sum of the enthalpy associated with the temperature at each point
plus the enthalpy associated with the dynamic pressure at each point. Total enthalpy is the same at every
point in a flow field so the enthalpy at a stagnation point is numerically equal to the total enthalpy
everywhere in the flow field.

References:
 https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/dry-wet-bulb-dew-point-air-d_682.html
 https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/adiabatic-saturation-and-wet-build-
temperatures-5
 https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/question651.htm
 http://www.thermopedia.com/content/854/