AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES (PAES 401-420) Recommended slat width and spacing

Size and type of swine Width of slat Slat spacing

Housing for Swine Production (PAES 401) mm mm
Farrowing - act of giving birth of swine (45 days) Farrowing sows and piglets 18 - 25 8-9
Finisher - swine which are 66 kg and up (up to 30 kg)
Grower - swine from 40 to 65 kg Weaners 18 – 25 10 – 14
Building sidewalls - min. height of 1 m Finishers 60 - 100 10 – 20
Ceiling height - 2.4 m high Sows, finishers and boars 80 – 125 10 – 25
Growing pen (1.5 m x 4.8 m shall accommodate 20 growers) (over 100 kg)
Finishing pen (1.5 m x 4.8 m shall accommodate 10 finishers)
Pen gate- 600mm wide and 0.9m – 1m high Swine Height of pen partition (m)
Weanling- height of 750 mm Under 25 kg 0.70
Aisles and Walkways- Primary (min.width of 1.5 m) and secondary (min.width 1 25 kg – 100 kg 0.90
m) Sow 1.00
Feeding trough width (300 mm) and depth (250 mm) Boar 1.20

Minimum recommended space requirement for swine Minimum recommended length of feeding trough per swine
Age and Size of Animal Space Requirements per animal Swine weight Linear length of trough (mm/animal)
m2/animal 15 – 25 150
Up to 10 kg 0.11 25 – 50 200
11 – 20 kg 0.20 50 – 75 250
21 – 40 kg 0.35 75 – 100 300
41 – 60 kg 0.50 100 - 130 350
61 – 80 kg 0.70
81 – 100 kg 0.85 Recommended lighting intensity for swine housing
Gilts up to mating 1.00 Area Lighting intensity*lux (Lumen/m2)
Adult pigs in groups 2.50 Breeding, gestation and farrowing 150
Gestating sows 1.20 Nurseries 100
Boar pens 7.50 Growing and finishing 50
Lactating sows and liters Inspection areas 200
Individual pens 7.40 Minimum ventilation rates under normal condition
Multi- suckling groups 5.60 STAGE Ventilation rate(m3/min)
Dry sows 1.80 Farrowing unit (sow and litter) 0.28
Nursery pens 0.08
Growing-finishing pens 0.12
Breeding and gestating pens (gilts, sows and boars) 0.28
Housing for Broiler Production (PAES 402) Stage Space requirements (m2/100 birds)
Ceiling height - 2.4 m high Growing (7 – 22 weeks)
Housing sizes- Width (10 m - 12 m) Litter floor 7
Slotted floor 14
Floor space requirements for broiler Slot-litter floor 6
Stages Floor space (m2/100 birds) Laying (beyond 22 weeks)
4 weeks and below 6.25 Litter floor 17
Above 4 weeks old 12.50 Slotted floor 9
Recommended brooding temperature Slot-litter floor 14
Age of chicks (days) Temperature (° C)
1–7 32 - 35 Housing for Goat and Sheep (PAES 404)
8 – 14 29 – 32 fenced loafing area - (150 m2/50 head)-adjacent to animal housing
14 – 21 27 – 29 Wall- clearance of 150 mm – 300 mm between floor - wall and wall – beam
Beyond 21 days Provide heat only when necessary pen tank drinking system-300 mm (15 - 25 head)
Field fencing-height (1.5 m)
Waterer length requirement automatic watering system-1 bowl or nipple (50 head)
Feeder
Stages Linear a
Roundb Minimum floor space requirement for goats and sheep
m/100 birds pieces. /100 birds in intensive production related to live weight
4 weeks and below 4 4 Floor space (m2/animal)
Above 4 weeks old 7.5 5 Animal Weight(kg) Solid floor Slotted floor Open yard
Feeder length requirement Doe/Ewe 35 0.8 0.7 2
Feeder Doe/Ewe 50 1.1 0.9 2.5
Stages Lineara
Roundb Doe/Ewe 70 1.4 1.1 3
m/100 birds pieces. /100 birds Kid/Lamb 0.4 - 0.5 0.3 - 0.4 -
4 weeks and below 2.5 1 Buck/Ram 3.0 2.5 -
Above 4 weeks old 4 1 Minimum floor space requirement for pregnant
and lactating doe/ewe related to weight
Floor space(m2/animal)
Housing for Layer Production (PAES 403) Doe/Ewe Pregnant Lactating
Cage type (5 m2/100 birds) Small (50 kg – 70 kg) 1.3 2.0
Community nest-large nesting boxes for 3 - 6 layers Large (over 70 kg) 1.6 2.3
Pen sizes- Width (10 m - 12 m)
Laying Cage-Floor (12-gauge wire) and slope (21% - 25%)
 Minimum linear feeding space related to live weight Minimum space requirement for crowding pen
Animal Weight(kg) Feeding space(linear mm/animal) Weight of the cattle (kg) Space requirements(m2/animal)
Doe/Ewe 35 350 Up to 270 0.5
Doe/Ewe 50 400 270 – 540 0.9
Doe/Ewe 70 450 Over 540 1.1
Kid/Lamb 250
Buck/Ram 500
Housing for Dairy Cattle(PAES 407)
Cattle Feedlot (PAES 405) parturition - act of giving birth
min.space requirement for feeding(750 mm/animal) Roof – min height of the top of the roof beam (2.5 m) from the floor and slope (25%)
Floor (Concrete-2 - 4% slope and earth slope of 4 - 7%) Pen wall - 1.2 m – 1.5 m high (every 20-25 mature cows)
Roof-min. height of the top of the roof beam shall be 2.5 m from the floor Drainage - (gutter min. width of 460 mm and min.depth of 200 mm)
Pen wall - pen shall be 1.2 m – 1.5m high
open water tank - 250 linear mm (8-10 head) Minimum floor space requirement for dairy cattle
automatic waterer - 15 animals (height of 1m) Class, Age, Size of Animal Shed or Barn Floor Area (m2/animal)
Loading chute- width shall be 660 mm – 760 mm Calves (up to 3 months) 1
Loading ramp - have cross battens every 200 mm to prevent slipping (slope of Calves (3 - 6 months) 2
30%) Calves (7 months – 1 year) 3
Drainage - (gutter min. width of 460 mm and min.depth of 200 mm) Yearlings (1 – 2 years) 4
Heifer/Steer (2 – 3 years) 5
Area Space requirements(m2/animal) Milking and dry cows 6
Shed area 4 Cows in maternity stall 10
Loafing area 5

Cattle Ranch (PAES 406) Carabao Feedlot(PAES 408)

slope of not more than 58% minimum space requirement shall be 4 m2/animal
Fence- min.height (1.5m), Brahman cross and exotics breeds height (1.7 m –1.8 Feeding trough – min. space requirement for feeding (0.750 mm/animal)
m) open water tank space shall be at least 0.3 m for every 10 heads

Minimum space requirement for Holding pen Milking Parlor (PAES 409)
Weight of the cattle (kg) Space requirements(m2/animal) Doors-min. width of 1.5 m
Up to 270 1.3 For sanitation, it shall be at least 100 m away from manure piles or wastewater
270 – 540 1.6 pond
Over 540 1.9 Wall-All wall tops and ledges shall slope at 45o
Holding area or wash pen-minimum space requirement of 2.23 m2/animal
Entrance and exit alley- width of the alley (0.7m - 0.9m) for turning around of animal
Milking area- back-out stall, 0.9 m headroom and walk-through, a space of 1.8 m
ahead
bucket milking machine (1 m – 1.1 m wide) Boiler room-temperature of 80°C
pipeline-milking system (0.7 m – 0.8 m) Dressing area-illumination of 540 lux
Storage-illumination of 110 lux
Minimum lighting intensity for milking center Inspector’s office-11 m2 for one inspector and 1.4 m2 for each additional
Area Lighting intensity* lux (Lumen/m2) inspector
Holding area/wash area 100
Parlor room Recommended dimension for slaughterhouse based on throughput
General lighting 200 Animals Throughput Dimension (meters)
Milker/Milking operator’s area 500 (animals/day)
Large animals or (small 2 8.6 x 5.8
animals) (10)
Lairage for Swine, Small and Large Animals (PAES 410) 30 12.5 x 6.4
small animals - 0.56 m2/animal (150)
Flooring- cattle pens (floor slope not be less than 3o), and for hog pens, not be less 60 23.3 x 15
than 2.4o (150-350)
Lighting-110 lux within the lairage, For all suspect pens (not less than 540 lux) Swine 200 53 x 21.5
aisles (1.5 m wide) 30 8x5
final drive of the laneway shall be V-shaped with 800 mm wide at the top and 120 12 x 5
500 mm wide at the floor 400 19.4 x 8.4

Large animals space requirement Minimum distance from the carcass suspension contact point to the floor
type Space requirements(m2/animal) Animals Distance (m)
loose type 2.23 Cattle 3.7
tie-up type 3.30 Calves 2.7
Swine space requirement Sheep & Goat 2.4
Weight(kg) Space requirements(m2/animal) Swine 2.6
More than 100 0.7
less than 100 0.6
Poultry Dressing Plant (PAES 412)
Slaughterhouse for Swine, Small and Large Animals (PAES 411) Walls-2 m above the floor level shall be tiled
220 lux Windows-installed with 16-mesh screen
at least 200 meters away from human habitation External door-1.8 m wide
10 meters away from the bank Internal door-1.5 m wide
site - elevated to at least 600 mm above the adjacent ground
Ceilings-at least 3 m from the floor
Window sills shall be sloped at 45°
Doorways shall be at least 1.5 m wide
One drain inlet - each 40 m2 of floor space
 Area Lighting intensity* lux (Lumen/m2) Greenhouses (PAES 415)
Holding area/wash area 100 north to south orientation
Operating area length not exceed 50 m
General 200 over 15.25 m wide shall require a reinforced truss construction
Working table 500 Benches-1.8 m wide (access from both sides) and 0.90 m wide(access from onesides)
fixed benches - 66% - 75 % floor area while 90% for rolling benches
Frames-loads up to 25 kg/ m2 and withstand max. wind gusts of 250 km/hr
Biogas Plant (PAES 413) total vent area-(15%-25% of the floor area)
Biogas – 50 to 70 % methane and 30 to 40 % carbon dioxide
Mesophilic temperature range – 20 to 40 °C Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory(PAES 416)
Inlet and outlet pipe – minimum diameter of 0.2 m
Balloon type digester volume – 80 % of the total digester volume (slope: 2.5%) Area Lighting intensity* lux (Lumen/m2)
Plastic tube shall be atleast 200 microns Outside the laboratory 100
General 200
Waste Management Structures Part 1: Agricultural Liquid Waste (PAES 414) Working table 500
constructed on soils with atleat 15 % clay content Growth room 100 - 1000
grade – alley (1.25% - 5%)
Gutters- min depth(760mm) and width(150mm),bottom slope 1% towards the drain Fruit and Vegetable Storage (PAES 417)
Scrape gutters - 4m-0.6m wide; 0.3m-0.4m deep 80 mm air plenum
Flush gutters–min.depth(0.6m) and bottom slope(0%-5%) Door-width 2.5 m
Grit chambers-fine sand (0.25 mm–3.2 mm diameter ; SG=2.65) 300 mm- Space(ceiling and stack)
emergent vegetation should be flooded to a depth of 100 mm – 450 mm Recommended insulation for refrigerated room
basin – slope(0.4 % - 0.5 %) Minimum R-Value
Ceiling 5 (R-30)
Type of alley width Wall 3.5 (R-20)
Scrape alley(dairy and beef cattle) 2.5 m - 4 m Floor 1.76 (R- 10)
(swine and poultry) 1 m - 2.5 m
Flush alley(any animal) 1m-3m Primary Processing Plant for Fresh Fruit and Vegetable (PAES 418)
Area of 20 m2/ton

Waste Management Structures Part 2:Agricultural solid waste-Composting (PAES Warehouse for Bagged Storage of Grains(PAES 419
414) bag storage (44-50 kg)
agricultural solid waste- 20% solids standard pallet-152 cm x 61 cm
Aerobic conditions- 5% oxygen lighting-3 watts/m2
Temperature control-55°C six blocks standard stack of 9.14m x 6m size. Each block is of the size 6m x 1.5m
Moisture content - maintained 50% - 60% to nourish the composting bacteria maximum piling - 7.3m x 21.9m x 4.5m
Windrows-1 m – 2 m high and 2 m – 5 m wide at the base entrance -6 m wide and 4 m high
 Number of cavans Dimensions
10,000 10 m x 30 m
50,000 20 m x 48 m
100,000 25 m x 78 m
500,000 75 m x 142 m

Farm workshop and Machinery Shed (PAES 419)

45 m to reduce fire hazard
approach aprons - slope (3 % - 5 % away)
doorway - 3 m high and 3.7 m wide
bench - width 0.8 m and 3 m long
fan - 7 m3/min per vehicle
For a welding area - 28 m3/min - 57 m3/min
door height - clearance of 0.3 m above the tallest machinery
minimum area for farm workshop shall be calculated as the sum of the area occupied
by the largest machinery plus service space, and workbench and equipment area
The minimum storage area for machinery shed shall be calculated by multiplying the
width plus 0.6 m by length plus 0.6 m for each machine

Recommended Lighting Levels

Area Lighting intensity lux (Lumen/m2)
General 200
Bench 500
Outside the shop and Active storage area 100
Machine shed 50