ABE Review 2022 - AME

2022 AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING BOARD EXAM REVIEWER
INTRODUCTION
Volume 3 – Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DEFINITION
Agricultural Machinery – deals with the study of the application, use and management of various agricultural machines,
tools and equipment used for production and post-production operations.
Agricultural Mechanization - is the development, manufacture and extension of appropriate agricultural tools,
implements, and machinery using animal, human, mechanical, electrical, and other renewable sources of energy for
agricultural production and development and post-harvest operations.
Related Laws
Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law – Republic Act 10601 (June 5, 2013) – Improving the Agriculture and
Fishery Sector through Mechanization. It covers research, development, and extension promotion distribution, supply,
assembling, manufacturing, regulation, use, operation and maintenance of project implementation of agricultural and
fishery machinery and equipment.
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Law – Republic Act 10915 (July 21, 2016) – An act strengthening, modernizing
and aligning the practice of agricultural engineering in the country into the internationally recognized practice of
agricultural and biosystems engineering, and for other purposes.
Agricultural and Biosystems Power and Machinery

Refers to farm power and machinery for the production, harvesting, processing, storage, manufacture, preserving,
transporting and distribution of agricultural and biological products/materials and includes, but not limited to, tractors and
their attachments, power tillers, seeders, transplanters, windmills, harvesting machines, crop protection and maintenance
equipment, irrigation equipment and accessories, greenhouses and thermal conditioning equipment, livestock, poultry,
fishery and forest equipment, slaughter equipment, meat/fishery and crop processing equipment, post-harvest machines
such as milling machines, dryers, threshers, grain and other strippers, agricultural transport machinery and storage.
Classifications of Agricultural Machines

 Agricultural Field Equipment
 Agricultural Field Implement
 Agricultural Tractors
 Self-Propelled Machines
 Farmstead Equipment
 Livestock Equipment
 Waste Handling Equipment
 Material Handling Equipment
 Crop Drying and Storage Equipment
 Others
Agricultural Field Equipment – This are equipment designed primarily for agricultural field operation. These include
agricultural tractors, self-propelled machines, implements, and their combinations.
Agricultural Tractor – A traction machine designed primarily to supply power to agricultural implements and farmstead
equipment. It propels itself and provides force to the direction of travel to enable attached soil-engaging and other
agricultural implements to perform their intended function.
Agricultural Implement - An implement that is designed to perform agricultural operations. This are further classified
into:
towed; (b) mounted; and (c) semi-mounted implements.
Self-Propelled Machine – An implement designed with integral power unit to provide both mobility and power for
INTRODUCTION
performing agricultural operations.
Farmstead Equipment – These are equipment other than agricultural field equipment used in agricultural operation for the
production of food and fiber. These include livestock equipment, waste handling system, crop drying and milling systems,
material handling systems, and others.
Classifications of Agricultural Field Equipment According to Operation

1. Tillage Equipment - These include plow and harrow used to prepare the land to make it ready for seeding and
planting operations.
2. Crop-Establishment Equipment – Place seeds or seedlings in the field and nurture them until they are well
established in the field. These include seeders, planters, and fertilizer applicators.
3. Crop-Maintenance Equipment – Maintain the growth of plant until they become matured and ready for
harvesting. These include cultivating. weeding, spraying, dusting, as well as irrigation equipment.
4. Harvesting-and-Threshing Equipment - These are equipment used to gather and separate the produced from the
panicles and make it ready for primary processing operation.
5. Drying Equipment - These are equipment used to reduce the moisture of the product to a level that it can be stored
with minimum loss from spoilage.
6. Milling Equipment - These are equipment used to process the product ready for consumption.
7. Storage Equipment - These are equipment used to keep the product safe from deterioration or spoilage for a
prolonged period of storage.
Agricultural Tractor
Machine used primarily for traction or pulling purposes. It can also deliver both power for stationary and mobile tasks. It
can pull or tow implement through traction from drive wheel and or pull implement through the draft developed from the
drawbar.
Plow
Used as primary tillage implement, which constitutes the initial major soil-working operation, normally designed to
reduce soil strength, cover plant materials, and rearrange aggregates.
Moldboard Plow – invert soil
Disk Plow – loosen and invert soil
Chisel Plow – loosen soil
Rotary Plow – mix soil
Subsoiler – deep loosening of soil or hardpan
Harrow
Used as secondary tillage implement which is designed to control weed growth and to create specific soil surface
configuration before seeding.
Disk Harrow
Peg-Tooth Harrow
Spring-Tooth Harrow
Comb Harrow
Power Harrow
INTRODUCTION
Power Tiller
Hand-operated machine used to till small sizes of land enough to replace draft animals.
Hand Tractor - used for pulling small plows or harrows to prepare a paddy field.
Floating-Type Tiller - equipment used for water-logged areas where ordinary power tiller cannot be used.
INTRODUCTION
Seeder
Machine used to open a furrow, place the seeds, and cover it in a prepared soil.
Drill Planter
Row Planter
Broadcaster
Drum Seeder
INTRODUCTION
Planter
Machine used to place seedlings or plant parts in a prepared soil.

Rice Transplanter
Sugar Planter
INTRODUCTION
Sprayer
Machine used to break the liquid into droplets of effective size and to distribute them uniformly over the surface or space
to be protected.
Compressed-Air Sprayer
Knapsack Sprayer
Power Sprayer
Aerosol Sprayer or Fogging Machine
INTRODUCTION
Reaper Harvester
Reaper-Windrower – A harvesting machine used to cut the standing crops and lay them down on the field in an orderly
manner in a row.
Reaper-Binder – A harvesting machine used both to cut and to bind the crops and afterwards lay the stalks bundles on the
ground.
INTRODUCTION
Stripper Harvester
Machine that combines harvesting and threshing into a single operation. It differs from the combine in that it permits the
removal of grain directly from the head or panicle without cutting the stalks.
INTRODUCTION
Combine Harvester
Self-propelled machine which harvests and threshes the grains at the same time making them ready for drying and storage.
Check-Row or Oriental-Type
Reel-Type or Western-Type
INTRODUCTION
Rice Thresher
Machine that separates the rice grains from the panicle.

Hold-on or Thrown-In
Axial Flow or Radial Flow
Peg-Tooth, Wire Loop, or Rasp Bar
With or Without a Cleaner or Mobile with cleaner
INTRODUCTION
Sheller
Machine used to separate seeds from the cobs or pods.

Corn Sheller
Peanut Sheller
Coffee-Bean Sheller
Coffee Sheller
INTRODUCTION
Grain Dryer
Machine used to reduce the moisture of the grains from a level that is in equilibrium with the atmosphere or at about 14%.
Flatbed Dryer
Recirculating Dryer
Continuous-Flow Dryer
In-Storage Bin Dryer
Warehouse Dryer
Flash Dryer
INTRODUCTION
Rice Mill
Machine used to convert paddy into milled rice.

Single-Pass Rice Mill and Multiple-Pass Rice Mill
Rubber Roll, Stone Disc, Steel-Flueted Mill, and Centrifugal Huller
INTRODUCTION
Pump
Machine used to lift water at a given flow rate and head.

Axial Pump
Centrifugal Pump
Mixed-Flow Pump
Lift Pump
Screw Pump
INTRODUCTION
Size-Reduction Equipment
Machines used to reduce the size of material in granular or powdered form either by cutting, shearing, impact or their
combinations.
Hammer Mill
Burr Mill
Steel-Flueted Mill
Pulverizer
INTRODUCTION
Biomass Shredder
Machine used to reduce the size of fibrous materials and shattered its fiber through impact action of the beaters or
hammers.
INTRODUCTION
Grain Storage Equipment
Equipment used to safely store the grains immediately after drying without significant loss in their quality.
Bin and Silos
Bucket Elevator
Belt Conveyor
Screw Conveyor
Etc.
INTRODUCTION
Terminologies
Arable land - land that can be plowed and used to grow crops.
Arid land - land with scarce water resources where crop is difficult to grow.
Fallow land – arable land left without sowing for one or more years to allow the land to recover and store organic matter
while retaining moisture and disrupting the life cycle of pathogens.
Interplanting - practice of planting short-term annual crop with long-term annual or biennial crop.
INTRODUCTION
Multiple cropping - practice of growing more than one crop on the same land in one year.
Mixed cropping - practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously and intermingled with no row arrangement.
Inter-cropping - practice of growing two or more crops in alternate rows.
Inter culture - practice of cultivating one crop underneath a perennial crop.

INTRODUCTION
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

INTRODUCTION
Application, use and management of various Utilization of hand tools, implements for draft animals, and
agricultural machines, tools and equipment used for mechanically-powered machines for agricultural land
production and post- production operations. development, production, harvesting and on-farm processing.
Agricultural Mechanization Agricultural development
Agricultural Machinery Agricultural machinery and equipment
Agricultural and Fishery Machinery Agricultural mechanization
Agricultural and Food Machinery All of the above
None of the above
Equipment designed primarily for agricultural field operation.
Machinery and equipment for the production, Farmstead Equipment
harvesting, processing, storage, manufacture, Agricultural Implement
transportation and distribution of agricultural and Agricultural Field Equipment
fishery products. Self-Propelled Machine
Agricultural and Fisheries Machinery None of the above
Agricultural and Aquacultural Machinery
Agricultural and food machinery
Agricultural Machinery
None of the above
INTRODUCTION
Traction machine designed Practice of growing more than one crop on the same land in
primarily to supply power to agricultural implement and one year.
farmstead equipment. Mixed crop
Agricultural Tractor Multiple cropping
Agricultural Implement Inter-cropping
Agricultural Field Equipment None of the above
Self-Propelled Machine
None of the above Practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously and
intermingled with no row arrangement.
Implement designed to perform agricultural operations and Mixed cropping
is further classified as towed, mounted and semi-mounted Inter cropping
implements. Multiple cropping
Agricultural Tractor None of the above
Agricultural Implement
Agricultural Field Equipment Practice of growing two or more crops in alternate rows.
Self-Propelled Machine Inter-planting
None of the above Inter-cropping
Inter-culture
Practice of planting short-term annual crop with long-term All of the above
annual or biennial crop.
Inter-planting
Inter-cropping
Inter-culture
All of the above
INTRODUCTION
Practice of cultivating one crop underneath a perennial crop.

Inter-planting
Inter-cropping
Inter-culture
All of the above

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2022 AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING BOARD EXAM REVIEWER

Agricultural and Biosystems Power and Machinery

Classifications of Agricultural Machines

performing agricultural operations.

Classifications of Agricultural Field Equipment According to Operation

Machine used to place seedlings or plant parts in a prepared soil.

Machine that separates the rice grains from the panicle.

Machine used to separate seeds from the cobs or pods.

Machine used to convert paddy into milled rice.

Machine used to lift water at a given flow rate and head.

Grain Storage Equipment

Inter-cropping - practice of growing two or more crops in alternate rows.

Inter culture - practice of cultivating one crop underneath a perennial crop.

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

Practice of cultivating one crop underneath a perennial crop.

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