ABE 3202

INTRODUCTION TO AB MACHINERY
AND MECHANIZATION
by
Department of Agricultural Engineering and
Environmental Management
College of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences
Central Philippine University
Iloilo City
 Introduction

• Agricultural Machinery – It deals with the study of

application, use, and management of various
agricultural machines, tools, and equipment used
for production and post-production operation.
• Agricultural Mechanization - It is the
development, manufacture and extension of
appropriate agricultural tools, implements, and
machinery using animal, human, mechanical,
electrical, and other renewable sources of energy
for agricultural production and development and
post harvest operations.
 Classifications of Agricultural
Machines
• Agricultural Field Equipment
– Agricultural Field Implement
– Agricultural Tractors
– Self-Propelled Machines
• Farmstead Equipment
Predominant power sources (manual, man-animal, man-machine power) and level
of mechanization in terms of percentage utilization of respondents in rice
production/postproduction operations in Camarines Sur, Iloilo, Leyte, and
, 2012
 Machines utilized in rice production/postproduction
operations in Camarines Sur, Iloilo, Leyte and Oriental
Mindoro, 2012
Rice postproduction operations and
technologies
PAST POLICIES ON AGRICULTURAL
MECHANIZATION
POLICY DIRECTIONS IN
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
1. Agricultural Field Equipment – This are equipment designed primarily
for agricultural field operation. This includes agricultural tractors, self-
propelled machines, implements, and their combinations.
(a) Agricultural Tractors – A traction machines designed primarily
to supply power to agricultural implements and farmstead equipment. It
propel itself and provide a force to the direction of travel to enable
attached soil engaging and other agricultural implement to perform its
intended function.
(b) Agricultural Implement – An implement that is designed to
perform agricultural operations. This are further classified into: (a) towed,
mounted, and semi-mounted implements.
(c) Self-Propelled Machines – An implement designed with
integral power unit to provide both mobility and power for performing
agricultural operations.
2. Farmstead Equipment – This are equipment other than
agricultural field equipment used in agricultural operation for
the production of food and fiber. This includes livestock
equipment, waste handling system, crop drying and milling
systems, material handling systems, and others.
 Classifications According to
Operation
1. Tillage Equipment – This includes plow and harrow used to
prepare the land to make it ready for seeding and planting
operation.
2. Crop Establishment Equipment – This are equipment used
to place seeds or plant parts into the prepared seedbed and
subsequently fertilize them.
3. Crop Maintenance Equipment – This includes cultivating,
weeding, spraying, dusting, as well as irrigation equipment
aim to make sure that the crop grows to produce its potential
yield.
4. Harvesting and Threshing Equipment – This are equipment
used to gather and separate the produced from the panicles
and make it ready for primary processing operation.
5. Drying Equipment – This are equipment used to reduce the
moisture of the product to a level that it can be stored with
minimum loss from spoilage.
6. Milling Equipment – This are equipment used to process the
product ready for consumption.
7. Storage Equipment – This are equipment used to keep the
product safe from deterioration or spoilage for prolong period
of storage.
 Agricultural Tractors
• Machine used primarily for
traction or pulling
purposes. It can also
deliver both power for
stationary and mobile jobs.
It can pull or tow
implement through
traction from drive wheel
and or pull implement
through the draft
developed from the
drawbar.
 Plows
• They are used as primary tillage
implement which constitutes
the initial major soil-working
operation, normally designed to
reduce soil strength, cover plant
materials, and rearrange
aggregates.
– Moldboard Plow – Invert soil
– Disk Plow – Loosen and
invert soil
– Chisel Plow – Loosen soil
– Rotary Plow – Mix soil
– Subsoiler – Deep loosening
of soil or hardpan
 Harrows
• Use as secondary tillage
implement which are
designed to control weed
growth and to create
specific soil surface
configuration before
seeding
– Disk Harrow
– Peg-Tooth Harrow
– Spring Tooth Harrow
– Comb Harrow
– Power Harrow
Power Tillers
• A hand operated machines use
to till small sizes of land enough
to replace draft animals.
– Hand Tractor – Used for
pulling small plows or
harrows to prepare a paddy
field.
– Floating-Type Floating Tiller
– Equipment used for water-
logged areas where ordinary
power tiller cannot be used.
Seeders
• Machines used to open a
furrow, place the seeds, and
cover it in a prepared soil.
– Drill planter
– Row Planter
– Broadcaster
– Drum Seeder
Planters
• Machine use to place
seedlings or plant parts in
a prepared soil.
– Rice Transplanter
– Sugar Planter
Sprayers
• Machines used to break
the liquid into droplets of
effective size and
distributes them uniformly
over the surface or space
to be protected.
– Compressed Air Sprayer
– Knapsack Sprayer
– Power Sprayer
– Aerosol Sprayer or Fogging
Machine
Reaper Harvester
• Reaper-Windrower – A
harvesting machine used to cut
the standing crops and lay them
down on the field in an orderly
manners in a row.
• A Reaper-Binders – A harvesting
machine use to both cut and
binds the crops and afterwards
lay the stalks bundles on the
ground
Stripper Harvester
• It is a machine that
combines harvesting and
threshing into a single
operation. It differs with
the combine in that it
permits the removal of
grain directly from the
head or panicle without
cutting the stalks.
Combine Harvesters
• It is a self propelled
machine which harvest and
thresh the grain at the
same time to make it
ready for drying and
storage.
– Check-Row or Oriental-
Type
– Reel-Type or Western-
Type
Rice Threshers
• A machine that separates
the rice grain from the
panicle.
– Hold-on or Thrown-In
– Axial Flow or Radial
Flow
– Peg-Tooth, Wire Loop,
or Rasp Bar
– With or Without a
Cleaner or Mobile with
cleaner
Shellers
• Machine used to separates
seeds from the cobs or
pods.
– Corn Sheller
– Peanut Sheller
– Coffee Bean Sheller
– Coffee Sheller
Grain Dryers
• Machine used to reduce
the moisture of the grain
from a level that is in
equilibrium with the
atmosphere or at about
14%.
– Flatbed Dryer
– Re-circulating Dryer
– Continuous Flow Dryer
– In Storage Bin Dryer
– Warehouse Dryer
– Flash Dryer
Rice Mill
• Machine that is used to convert
paddy into milled rice.
– Single Pass Rice Mill and
Multiple Pass Rice Mill
– Rubber Roll, Stone Disc,
Steel Flueted Mill, and
Centrifugal Huller
Pumps
• Machine use to lift water
at a given flow rate and
head.
– Axial Pump
– Centrifugal Pump
– Mixed-flow Pump
– Lift Pump
– Screw Pump
Size Reduction Equipment
• Machines use to reduce
the size of material in
granular or powdered
form either by cutting,
shearing, impact or their
combinations.
– Hammer Mill
– Burr Mill
– Steel-Flueted Mill
– Pulverizer
Biomass Shredder
• Machine used to reduce
the size of fibrous
materials and shatter its
fiber through impact
action of the beaters or
hammers.
Grain Storage Equipment
• Equipment used to safely
store the grain
immediately after drying
without significant loss in
their quality.
– Bin and Silos
– Bucket elevator
– Belt conveyor
– Screw conveyors
– etc
 References
• AMDP. 1987. Handbook on Agricultural
Mechanization in the Philippines. AMDP. College
of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology.
U.P. at Los Banos, College, Laguna.
• ASAE. ASAE Standards 1997. American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. 2960 Niles RoadSt. Joseph,
MI. USA.
THANK YOU!