2017 AE BOARD EXAM REVIEW (SOIL & WATER)

(IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE, SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION)

1. Hill ponds that rely on rainfall and runoff as water source are also called:
a. excavated ponds c. levee ponds
b. watershed ponds d. embankment ponds
e. none of the choices
1. Hill ponds that rely on rainfall and runoff as water source are also called:
a. excavated ponds c. levee ponds
b. watershed ponds d. embankment ponds
e. none of the choices

2. Given the following direct runoff hydrograph in m3/s taken at 1-hr interval in the
mainstream of a 50 sq. km. watershed: 0, 2.8, 13.8, 44.8, 77.8, 37.8, 12.8,
4.5, 1.8, 1.3, 0.9, 0.6, and 0.2; the equivalent depth of direct runoff is:
a. 10.3 mm b. 12.3 mm c. 14.3 mm d. 16.3 mm e. 18.3 mm
1. Hill ponds that rely on rainfall and runoff as water source are also called:
a. excavated ponds c. levee ponds
b. watershed ponds d. embankment ponds
e. none of the choices

2. Given the following direct runoff hydrograph in m3/s taken at 1-hr interval in the
mainstream of a 50 sq. km. watershed: 0, 2.8, 13.8, 44.8, 77.8, 37.8, 12.8,
4.5, 1.8, 1.3, 0.9, 0.6, and 0.2; the equivalent depth of direct runoff is:
a. 10.3 mm b. 12.3 mm c. 14.3 mm d. 16.3 mm e. 18.3 mm

3. This type of soil usually has a pH above 8.5 and contains basic salts in quantities that
are deleterious to crop production.
a. alkaline soil c. alkali soil
b. saline soil d. brackish soil
e. none of the choices
1. Hill ponds that rely on rainfall and runoff as water source are also called:
a. excavated ponds c. levee ponds
b. watershed ponds d. embankment ponds
e. none of the choices

2. Given the following direct runoff hydrograph in m3/s taken at 1-hr interval in the
mainstream of a 50 sq. km. watershed: 0, 2.8, 13.8, 44.8, 77.8, 37.8, 12.8,
4.5, 1.8, 1.3, 0.9, 0.6, and 0.2; the equivalent depth of direct runoff is:
a. 10.3 mm b. 12.3 mm c. 14.3 mm d. 16.3 mm e. 18.3 mm

3. This type of soil usually has a pH above 8.5 and contains basic salts in quantities that
are deleterious to crop production.
a. alkaline soil c. alkali soil
b. saline soil d. brackish soil
e. none of the choices
4. The depth of water to be removed from a drainage area in 24 hours is called:
a. runoff coefficient c. discharge coefficient
b. drainage coefficient d. maximum observed rainfall
e. hygroscopic coefficient
4. The depth of water to be removed from a drainage area in 24 hours is called:
a. runoff coefficient c. discharge coefficient
b. drainage coefficient d. maximum observed rainfall
e. hygroscopic coefficient

5. A 5-ha cornfield was irrigated for 12 hrs at a discharge of 250 lps. If the average depth
of water stored in the root zone as a result of irrigation was observed to be 160 mm, the
application efficiency is;
a. 70% b. 72%c. 74% `d. 76% e. 80%
4. The depth of water to be removed from a drainage area in 24 hours is called:
a. runoff coefficient c. discharge coefficient
b. drainage coefficient d. maximum observed rainfall
e. hygroscopic coefficient

5. A 5-ha cornfield was irrigated for 12 hrs at a discharge of 250 lps. If the average
depth of water stored in the root zone as a result of irrigation was observed to
be 160 mm, the application efficiency is;
a. 70% b. 72%c. 74% `d. 76% e. 80%

Total Water Applied = [(250 li/sec)(12 hrs x 3600 sec/hr)/(5 has x 10,000
m2/ha)] x 1 m3/1,000 li x 1000 mm/m = 216 mm

Ea = (Total water stored/Total Water Applied)x100 = (160/216)x 100 = 74.07%

6. This type of furrow is made by plowing at right angles to the slope at the same level
of grade, to intercest and to retain runoff water.
a. irrigation furrows c. dead furrows
b. contour furrows d. plow furrows
e. none of the choices
6. This type of furrow is made by plowing at right angles to the slope at the same level
of grade, to intercest and to retain runoff water.
a. irrigation furrows c. dead furrows
b. contour furrows d. plow furrows
e. none of the choices

7. It is a condition most frequently observed in cereals wherein plants bend at or near

the soil surface and lie more or less flat to the ground.
a. gounding c. lodging
b. bowing d. leaning
e. none of the choices
6. This type of furrow is made by plowing at right angles to the slope at the same level
of grade, to intercest and to retain runoff water.
a. irrigation furrows c. dead furrows
b. contour furrows d. plow furrows
e. none of the choices

7. It is a condition most frequently observed in cereals wherein plants bend at or near

the soil surface and lie more or less flat to the ground.
a. grounding c. lodging
b. bowing d. leaning
e. none of the choices

8. It is the replacement of soil around individual plants or row of plants after some soil
has been removed from that location.
a. rehilling b. off-barring c. topsoiling
d. hilling-up e. all of the choices
6. This type of furrow is made by plowing at right angles to the slope at the same level
of grade, to intercest and to retain runoff water.
a. irrigation furrows c. dead furrows
b. contour furrows d. plow furrows
e. none of the choices

7. It is a condition most frequently observed in cereals wherein plants bend at or near

the soil surface and lie more or less flat to the ground.
a. gounding c. lodging
b. bowing d. leaning
e. none of the choices

8. It is the replacement of soil around individual plants or row of plants after some soil
has been removed from that location.
a. rehilling b. off-barring c. topsoiling
d. hilling-up e. all of the choices
9. A concrete-lined trapezoidal canal is to carry a maximum discharge of 2.0 m3/s.
The required head loss over a horizontal distance of 1 km is 2.0 m. The side slope is to
be set at 1:1 and the permissible b/d ratio is 3. If the Manning’s roughness coefficient is
0.015, the design depth required is:
a. 0.42 m b. 0.56 m c. 0.64 m d. 0.78 m e. 1.10 m
9. A concrete-lined trapezoidal canal is to carry a maximum discharge of 2.0 m3/s.
The required head loss over a horizontal distance of 1 km is 2.0 m. The side slope is to
be set at 1:1 and the permissible b/d ratio is 3. If the Manning’s roughness coefficient is
0.015, the design depth required is:
a. 0.42 m b. 0.56 m c. 0.64 m d. 0.78 m e. 1.10 m

(b/d) = 3/1, therefore, b = 3d

A = bd + zd2 = 3d2 + d2 = 4d2
P = b + 2d(z2 + 1)1/2 = 3d + 2d(2)1/2 = 5.828d
R = A/P = 4d2/5.828d = 0.76d
Q = AV
2 = (4d2)(1/0.015)(0.76d)2/3(2/1000)1/2 = 9.92d8/3
d = (2/9.92)3/8 = 0.55 m
10. This method of fertilizer application is done by applying the fertilizer between the
rows close to the plants, simultaneous without cultivation. This is very effective during
the development stage of the plant when they feed on nutrients very rapidly.
a. basal b. top-dressing c. bandingd. row application
e. side dressing
10. This method of fertilizer application is done by applying the fertilizer between the
rows close to the plants, simultaneous without cultivation. This is very effective during
the development stage of the plant when they feed on nutrients very rapidly.
a. basal b. top-dressing c. bandingd. row application
e. side dressing

11. The height of the levee from the water surface to the top of the levee is called:
a. dike height c. side slope
b. freeboard d. fetch
e. none of the choices
10. This method of fertilizer application is done by applying the fertilizer between the
rows close to the plants, simultaneous without cultivation. This is very effective during
the development stage of the plant when they feed on nutrients very rapidly.
a. basal b. top-dressing c. bandingd. row application
e. side dressing

11. The height of the levee from the water surface to the top of the levee is called:
a. dike height c. side slope
b. freeboard d. fetch
e. none of the choices

12. This is the property of the soil which enables clay to change shape without
cracking when subjected to deforming stress.
a. porosityb. friability c. puddlability d. consistency
e. plasticity
10. This method of fertilizer application is done by applying the fertilizer between the
rows close to the plants, simultaneous without cultivation. This is very effective during
the development stage of the plant when they feed on nutrients very rapidly.
a. basal b. top-dressing c. bandingd. row application
e. side dressing

11. The height of the levee from the water surface to the top of the levee is called:
a. dike height c. side slope
b. freeboard d. fetch
e. none of the choices

12. This is the property of the soil which enables clay to change shape without
cracking when subjected to deforming stress.
a. porosityb. friability c. puddlability d. consistency
e. plasticity
13. The critical depth of a rectangular channel with a bottom width of 4.0 m for a
discharge of 5 m3/s is:
a. 0.34 m b. 0.44 m c. 0.54 m d. 0.64 m e. 0.75 m
14. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be
obliterated by tillage operations is called:
a. sheet b. rill c. interill d. gully e. splash
14. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be
obliterated by tillage operations is called:
a. sheet b. rill c. interill d. gully e. splash

15. This hydraulic structure is built along the supplementary farm ditch at the head of
the internal farm ditch to control and regulate the flow.
a. headgate b. checkgate c. turnout d. offtake
e. inverted siphon
14. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be
obliterated by tillage operations is called:
a. sheet b. rill c. interill d. gully e. splash

15. This hydraulic structure is built along the supplementary farm ditch at the head of
the internal farm ditch to control and regulate the flow.
a. headgate b. checkgate c. turnout d. offtake
e. inverted siphon

16. Two depths that give the same specific energy in an open channel is called:
a. critical depths c. dual depths
b. sequent depths d. alternate depths
e. normal depths
14. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be
obliterated by tillage operations is called:
a. sheet b. rill c. interill d. gully e. splash

15. This hydraulic structure is built along the supplementary farm ditch at the head of
the internal farm ditch to control and regulate the flow.
a. headgate b. checkgate c. turnout d. offtake
e. inverted siphon

16. Two depths that give the same specific energy in an open channel is called:
a. critical depths c. dual depths
b. sequent depths d. alternate depths
e. normal depths
17. It is the relative proportion of various size groups of individual soil grains and is
determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt and clay fractions present in the
soil.
a. porosity c. soil consistency
b. soil structure d. soil tilth
e. soil texture
17. It is the relative proportion of various size groups of individual soil grains and is
determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt and clay fractions present in the
soil.
a. porosity c. soil consistency
b. soil structure d. soil tilth
e. soil texture

18. A trapezoidal irrigation canal has a slope of 1:1 and a b/d ratio of 3 and a bottom
slope of 0.0004. The roughness coefficient, n is 0.015. If the discharge is 3.62 m /s, the
normal depth is:
a. 0.75 m b. 0.85 m c. 0.95 m d. 1.05 m e. 1.15 m
17. It is the relative proportion of various size groups of individual soil grains and is
determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt and clay fractions present in the soil.
a. porosity c. soil consistency
b. soil structure d. soil tilth
e. soil texture

18. A trapezoidal irrigation canal has a slope of 1:1 and a b/d ratio of 3 and a bottom slope
of 0.0004. The roughness coefficient, n is 0.015. If the discharge is 3.62 m3/s, the normal
depth is:
a. 0.75 m b. 0.85 m c. 0.95 m d. 1.05 m e. 1.15 m

b/d = 3/1 b = 3d A = bd + zd2 = 3d2 + d2 = 4d2P = b + 2d(z + 1)1/2

P = 3d + 2d(1.414) = 5.828dR = A/P = (4d2/5.828d) = 0.686d
Q = AV: 3.62 = (4d2)(1/0.015)(0.686d)2/3(0.0004)1/2 : d = (3.62/4.14)3/8 = 0.95 m
19. This classification of soil water has been absorbed from an atmosphere of water
vapor as a result of attractive forces in the surface of the particles.
a. available moisture c. capillary water
b. gravitational water d. hygroscopic water
e. all of the choices
19. This classification of soil water has been absorbed from an atmosphere of water
vapor as a result of attractive forces in the surface of the particles.
a. available moisture c. capillary water
b. gravitational water d. hygroscopic water
e. all of the choices

20. Groundwater is to be pumped from a shallow aquifer for irrigation purposes. The
required discharge is 300 gpm. The suction head is 8 ft and the maximum
drawdown is 10 ft. The friction and minor losses are 0.45 ft and 0.3 ft, respectively. If
the pump efficiency is 60%, the theoretical input power required is:
a. 2.0 hp b. 2.2 hp c. 2.4 hp d. 3.0 hp e. 3.2 hp
19. This classification of soil water has been absorbed from an atmosphere of water
vapor as a result of attractive forces in the surface of the particles.
a. available moisture c. capillary water
b. gravitational water d. hygroscopic water
e. all of the choices

20. Groundwater is to be pumped from a shallow aquifer for irrigation purposes. The
required discharge is 300 gpm. The suction head is 8 ft and the maximum
drawdown is 10 ft. The friction and minor losses are 0.45 ft and 0.3 ft, respectively. If
the pump efficiency is 60%, the theoretical input power required is:
a. 2.0 hp b. 2.2 hp c. 2.4 hp d. 3.0 hp e. 3.2 hp

(300 gal/min)(ft3/7.48 gal)(62.4 lbs/ft3)(18.75 ft)

BHP = (33,000 ft-lbs/min-hp)(0.60) = 2.4 hp
21. The lateral movement of infiltrated water when it encounters impervious layer is called:
a. percolation b. baseflow c. interflow d. surface runoff e. infiltration
21. The lateral movement of infiltrated water when it encounters impervious layer is called:
a. percolation b. baseflow c. interflow d. surface runoff e. infiltration

22. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data:
f = 8.1 + 4.1e-12.9t where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 30
minutes is:
a. 4.0 mm b. 4.4 mm c. 4.6 mm d. 5.0 mm e. 5.4 mm
21. The lateral movement of infiltrated water when it encounters impervious layer is called:
a. percolation b. baseflow c. interflow d. surface runoff e. infiltration

22. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data:
f = 8.1 + 4.1e-12.9t where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 30
minutes is:
a. 4.0 mm b. 4.4 mm c. 4.6 mm d. 5.0 mm e. 5.4 mm

f = 8.1 + 4.1e-12.9(0.5) = (8.106 mm/hr)(0.5 hr) = 4 mm

21. The lateral movement of infiltrated water when it encounters impervious layer is called:
a. percolation b. baseflow c. interflow d. surface runoff e. infiltration

22. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data:
f = 8.1 + 4.1e-12.9t where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 30
minutes is:
a. 4.0 mm b. 4.4 mm c. 4.6 mm d. 5.0 mm e. 5.4 mm

f = 8.1 + 4.1e-12.9(0.5) = (8.106 mm/hr)(0.5 hr) = 4 mm

23. The most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel section to carry a discharge of 5
m3/s on a bed material with a roughness n of 0.02 and a bottom slope of 1 in 800 should
have a bottom width of:
a. 0.75 m b. 1.35 m c. 1.65 m d. 2.25 m e. 2.85 m
23. The most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel section to carry a discharge of 5
m3/s on a bed material with a roughness n of 0.02 and a bottom slope of 1 in 800 should
have a bottom width of:
a. 0.75 m b. 1.35 m c. 1.65 m d. 2.25 m e. 2.85 m
24. The hydraulic radius of the most hydraulically efficient rectangular and trapezoidal
channel section is:
a. d/4 b. d/3 c. d/2 d. d e. 2d
24. The hydraulic radius of the most hydraulically efficient rectangular and trapezoidal
channel section is:
a. d/4 b. d/3 c. d/2 d. d e. 2d

For the most hydraulically efficient rectangular and trapezoidal channel,

b = 2d tan(θ/2) where θ = side slope angle = 900
Therefore, b = 2d A = (b)(d) = (2d)(d) = 2d2 P = 2d + 2d = 4d

R = A/P = (2d2/4d) = d/2

25. If the farm water requirement is 21.6 mm/day, the water duty is:
a. 1.5 lps/ha b. 2.0 lps/ha c. 2.5 lps/ha d. 3.0 lps/ha e. 3.5lps/ha
24. The hydraulic radius of the most hydraulically efficient rectangular and trapezoidal
channel section is:
a. d/4 b. d/3 c. d/2 d. d e. 2d

For the most hydraulically efficient rectangular and trapezoidal channel,

b = 2d tan(θ/2) where θ = side slope angle = 900
Therefore, b = 2d A = (b)(d) = (2d)(d) = 2d2 P = 2d + 2d = 4d

R = A/P = (2d2/4d) = d/2

25. If the farm water requirement is 21.6 mm/day, the water duty is:
a. 1.5 lps/ha b. 2.0 lps/ha c. 2.5 lps/ha d. 3.0 lps/ha e. 3.5lps/ha

W.D. = (21.6 mm/day)(day/86400 sec)(1 m/1000 mm)(10,000 m2/ha)(1000 li/m3)

= 2.5 lps/ha
26. Infiltration equation that relates infiltration capacity and cumulative infiltration is:
a. Lewis-Kostiakov b. Horton c. Philip d. Green-Ampt e. Holtan
26. Infiltration equation that relates infiltration capacity and cumulative infiltration is:
a. Lewis-Kostiakov b. Horton c. Philip d. Green-Ampt e. Holtan

27. The soil has a field capacity of 22% and a permanent wilting point of 12%, both on a
dry mass basis. The apparent specific gravity is 1.4. If the root zone depth is 1.0 m and the
management allowed deficit is 50%, the net application depth is:
a. 50 mm b. 60 mm c. 70 mm d. 80 mm e. 90 mm
26. Infiltration equation that relates infiltration capacity and cumulative infiltration is:
a. Lewis-Kostiakov b. Horton c. Philip d. Green-Ampt e. Holtan

27. The soil has a field capacity of 22% and a permanent wilting point of 12%, both on a
dry mass basis. The apparent specific gravity is 1.4. If the root zone depth is 1.0 m and the
management allowed deficit is 50%, the net application depth is:
a. 50 mm b. 60 mm c. 70 mm d. 80 mm e. 90 mm

dn = [(FC-WP)/100](As)(D)(MAD) = [(22-12)/100](1.4)(1000)(0.5) = 70 mm
28. Three tanks are installed side by side in a field to measure the evapotranspiration of rice.
Tank A is bottomless and is cropped. Tank B is bottomless but is uncropped. Tank C has
a bottom and is uncropped. If the water losses after 2 rainless days are as follows:
Tank A = 14.0 mm Tank B = 10 mm Tank C = 5 mm
The actual crop evapotranspiration is:
a. 4.0 mm/day b. 4.5 mm/day c. 5.0 mm/dayd. 9.0 mm/day e. 6.0 mm/day
28. Three tanks are installed side by side in a field to measure the evapotranspiration of rice.
Tank A is bottomless and is cropped. Tank B is bottomless but is uncropped. Tank C has
a bottom and is uncropped. If the water losses after 2 rainless days are as follows:
Tank A = 14.0 mm Tank B = 10 mm Tank C = 5 mm
The actual crop evapotranspiration is:
a. 4.0 mm/day b. 4.5 mm/day c. 5.0 mm/dayd. 9.0 mm/day e. 6.0 mm/day

ET + DP = 14 (Tank A)
E + DP = 10 (Tank B)
E = 5 (Tank C)
DP = 10 – E = 10 – 5 = 5 mm
ET = 14 – DP = 14 -5 = 9 mm for 2 days
ET = 9/2 = 4.5 mm/day
29. Which of the following causes formation of saline soils?
a. High water table with high salt concentration
b. Excessive evaporation with low rainfall
c. Release of bases from decomposing rocks
d. None of the above
e. All of the above
29. Which of the following causes formation of saline soils?
a. High water table with high salt concentration
b. Excessive evaporation with low rainfall
c. Release of bases from decomposing rocks
d. None of the above
e. All of the above

30. A culvert has been designed for a flood discharge with a return period of 50 years. The
risk that the culvert will experience the design flood one or more times in 75 years is:
a. 2% b. 22%c. 67% d. 78%e. 98%
29. Which of the following causes formation of saline soils?
a. High water table with high salt concentration
b. Excessive evaporation with low rainfall
c. Release of bases from decomposing rocks
d. None of the above
e. All of the above

30. A culvert has been designed for a flood discharge with a return period of 50 years. The
risk that the culvert will experience the design flood one or more times in 75 years is:
a. 2% b. 22%c. 67% d. 78%e. 98%

P = (1/Tr)x100 = (1/50)x100 = 2%
31. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data:
f = 10 + 5e-12t where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 45
minutes is:
a. 7.5 mm b. 7.9 mm c. 79 mm d. 450 mm
31. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data:
f = 10 + 5e-12t where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 45
minutes is:
a. 7.5 mm b. 7.9 mm c. 79 mm d. 450 mm

f = 10 + 5[e-12(45/60)] = 10 + 5(0.000123) = 10.00062 mm/hr

Cumulative Infiltration = (f)(t) = 10.00062(45/60) = 7.50 mm

32. The volume of water that can be stored in or released from an aquifer per unit
horizontal area per unit change in hydraulic head is:
a. specific storage b. specific yield c. storage coefficient d. transmissivity
31. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data:
f = 10 + 5e-12t where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 45
minutes is:
a. 7.5 mm b. 7.9 mm c. 79 mm d. 450 mm

f = 10 + 5[e-12(45/60)] = 10 + 5(0.000123) = 10.00062 mm/hr

Cumulative Infiltration = (f)(t) = 10.00062(45/60) = 7.50 mm

32. The volume of water that can be stored in or released from an aquifer per unit
horizontal area per unit change in hydraulic head is:
a. specific storage b. specific yield c. storage coefficient d. transmissivity
33. The peak runoff in a 50-ha watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 25
mm/hr and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 is:
a. 2.8 m3/s b. 28 m3/s c. 280 m3/s d. 1,000 m3/s
33. The peak runoff in a 50-ha watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 25
mm/hr and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 is:
a. 2.8 m3/s b. 28 m3/s c. 280 m3/s d. 1,000 m3/s

Q = CIA = (0.8)(25 mm/hr)(hr/3600 sec)(50 has x 10,000 m2/ha)(1m/1000 mm)

= 2.78 m3/s

34. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be obliterated by
tillage operations is called:
a. sheet b. rill c. interill d. gully
33. The peak runoff in a 50-ha watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 25
mm/hr and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 is:
a. 2.8 m3/s b. 28 m3/s c. 280 m3/s d. 1,000 m3/s

Q = CIA = (0.8)(25 mm/hr)(hr/3600 sec)(50 has x 10,000 m2/ha)(1m/1000 mm)

= 2.78 m3/s

34. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be obliterated by
tillage operations is called:
a. sheet b. rill c. interill d. gully
35. A concrete-lined trapezoidal canal is to carry a maximum discharge of 2.0 m3/s. The
required head loss over a horizontal distance of 1 km is 2.0 m. The side slope to be set is
1:1 and the permissible b/d ratio is 3. If the Manning’s roughness coefficient is 0.015, the
design depth required is
a. 0.42 m b. 0.56 m c. 0.64 m d. 0.78 m
35. A concrete-lined trapezoidal canal is to carry a maximum discharge of 2.0 m3/s. The
required head loss over a horizontal distance of 1 km is 2.0 m. The side slope to be set is
1:1 and the permissible b/d ratio is 3. If the Manning’s roughness coefficient is 0.015, the
design depth required is
a. 0.42 m b. 0.56 m c. 0.64 m d. 0.78 m

s = 2/1000 = 0.002 z = 1:1 b = 3d n = 0.015

A = bd + zd2 = 3d2 + d2 = 4d2

P = b + 2d(z2 + 1)1/2 = 3d + 2d(z + 1)1/2 = 5.83d
R = A/P = 4d2/5.83d = 0.69
Q = AV
2 = (4d2)(1/0.015)(0.69d)2/3(0.002)1/2 = 9.36d8/3
d = (2/9.36)3/8 = 0.56 m
36. The most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel section to carry a discharge of 5
m3/s on a bed material with a roughness of 0.02 and a bottom slope of 1 in 800 should
have a bottom width of:
a. 0.75 m b. 1.11 m c. 1.65 m 2.25 m
36. The most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel section to carry a discharge of 5
m3/s on a bed material with a roughness of 0.02 and a bottom slope of 1 in 800 should
have a bottom width of:
a. 0.75 m b. 1.11 m c. 1.65 m 2.25 m

b = 2d x tan(θ/2) = 2d (θ = 900 for the most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal

channel)
For a trapezoidal channel,
A = bd + zd2 = 2d2 + d2 = 3d2
P = b + 2d(z + 1)1/2 = 2d + 2.828d = 4.828d
R = A/P = 3d2/4.828d = 0.62d
Q = AV = A(1/n)(R2/3)(S1/2) (S = 1/800 = 0.00125)
5 = (2d)(1/0.02)(0.62d)2/3(0.00125)1/2 = 3.81d8/3
d = (5/3.81)3/8 = 1.125 m
b = 2(1.11) = 2.25 m
37. The soil has a field capacity of 22% and a permanent wilting point of 12%, both on a
dry mass basis. The apparent specific gravity is 1.4. If the root zone depth is 1.0 m and the
management allowed deficit 50%, the net application depth is:
a. 50 mm b. 60 mm c. 70 mm d. 80 mm
37. The soil has a field capacity of 22% and a permanent wilting point of 12%, both on a
dry mass basis. The apparent specific gravity is 1.4. If the root zone depth is 1.0 m and the
management allowed deficit 50%, the net application depth is:
a. 50 mm b. 60 mm c. 70 mm d. 80 mm

d = (MAD)(FC – WP)(As)D = (0.5)(0.22 – 0.12)(1.4)(1000) = 70 mm

38. A 3-ha corn field is to be irrigated at a discharge of 250 lps. The average available water
holding capacity is 140 mm/m soil, the management allowed deficit is 40%, and the rootzone
depth is 0.5m. The reference crop potential evapotranspiration is 5 mm/day and the crop
coefficient is 0.8. Assuming 70% application efficiency, the irrigation period should be:
a. 1 hr b. 1 ¼ hrs c. 1 1/3 hrs d. 1 ½ hours
38. A 3-ha corn field is to be irrigated at a discharge of 250 lps. The average available water
holding capacity is 140 mm/m soil, the management allowed deficit is 40%, and the rootzone
depth is 0.5m. The reference crop potential evapotranspiration is 5 mm/day and the crop
coefficient is 0.8. Assuming 70% application efficiency, the irrigation period should be:
a. 1 hr b. 1 ¼ hrs c. 1 1/3 hrs d. 1 ½ hours

WHC = (140 mm/m)(0.5 m) = 70 mm

dn = (MAD)(WHC) = (0.4)(70) = 28 mm
Qt = Adn/Ea
t = [Adn/Ea]/Q = (3 ha x 10,000 m2/ha)(28 mm x 1m/1000 mm) ÷
(250 li/sec)(3600 sec/hr)(1 m3/1000 li)(0.7)
= 1.33 hrs or 1 1/3 hrs
39. A hydraulic structure that serves as an outlet of water in irrigation canals whereby
water passes through and discharges into the main farm ditch of service area is called:
a. headgate b. checkgate c. turnout d. offtake e. inverted siphon
39. A hydraulic structure that serves as an outlet of water in irrigation canals whereby
water passes through and discharges into the main farm ditch of service area is called:
a. headgate b. checkgate c. turnout d. offtake e. inverted siphon

40. Sugarcane is to be irrigated using sprinkler irrigation. The sprinkler spacing is 12.2 m
while the lateral spacing is 18.3 m. The soil water holding capacity is 120 mm/m, crop
rooting depth is 1.0 m and management allowed deficit 45%. If the irrigation period is 12 hrs
and the application efficiency is 70%, the required sprinkler discharge is:
a. 0.2 lps b. 0.3 lps c. 0.4 lps d. 0.5 lps
39. A hydraulic structure that serves as an outlet of water in irrigation canals whereby
water passes through and discharges into the main farm ditch of service area is called:
a. headgate b. checkgate c. turnout d. offtake e. inverted siphon

40. Sugarcane is to be irrigated using sprinkler irrigation. The sprinkler spacing is 12.2 m
while the lateral spacing is 18.3 m. The soil water holding capacity is 120 mm/m, crop
rooting depth is 1.0 m and management allowed deficit 45%. If the irrigation period is 12 hrs
and the application efficiency is 70%, the required sprinkler discharge is:
a. 0.2 lps b. 0.3 lps c. 0.4 lps d. 0.5 lps

dn = (MAD)(WHC) = (0.45)(120 mm/m)(1 m) = 54 mm

Qt = Adn/Ea or Q = Adg/t
Q = (12.2 m)(18.3 m)(0.054 m)/[(12 hrs x 3600 sec/hr)(0.7) = 0.4 lps
41. Groundwater is to be pumped from a shallow aquifer for irrigation purposes. The
required discharge is 300 gpm. The suction head is 8 ft and the maximum drawdown is 10 ft.
The friction and minor losses are 0.45 ft and 0.3 ft, respectively. If the pump efficiency is
60%, the theoretical input power required is:
a. 2.0 hp b. 2.2 hp c. 2.4 hp d. 3.0 hp
41. Groundwater is to be pumped from a shallow aquifer for irrigation purposes. The
required discharge is 300 gpm. The suction head is 8 ft and the maximum drawdown is 10 ft.
The friction and minor losses are 0.45 ft and 0.3 ft, respectively. If the pump efficiency is
60%, the theoretical input power required is:
a. 2.0 hp b. 2.2 hp c. 2.4 hp d. 3.0 hp

THP = BHP = γQ(TDH)/C

= (300 gal/min)(1 ft /7.48 gal)(62.4 lbs/ft )(18.7 ft)/[(33,000)(0.6)]
= 2.36 hp

42. The height of the levee from the water surface to the top of the levee is called:
a. Dike height c. Side slope
b. Freeboard d. Fetch
41. Groundwater is to be pumped from a shallow aquifer for irrigation purposes. The
required discharge is 300 gpm. The suction head is 8 ft and the maximum drawdown is 10 ft.
The friction and minor losses are 0.45 ft and 0.3 ft, respectively. If the pump efficiency is
60%, the theoretical input power required is:
a. 2.0 hp b. 2.2 hp c. 2.4 hp d. 3.0 hp

THP = BHP = γQ(TDH)/C

= (300 gal/min)(1 ft /7.48 gal)(62.4 lbs/ft )(18.7 ft)/[(33,000)(0.6)]
= 2.36 hp

42. The height of the levee from the water surface to the top of the levee is called:
a. Dike height c. Side slope
b. Freeboard d. Fetch
43. A pond bottom slope of 2000:1 is equivalent to:
a. 0.05% slope c. 1.0% slope
b. 0.5% slope d. 5% slope
43. A pond bottom slope of 2000:1 is equivalent to:
a. 0.05% slope c. 1.0% slope
b. 0.5% slope d. 5% slope

Slope = (1/2000)(100) = 0.05%

44. This is provided in a pipe drain to prevent seepage:

a. Core trench c. Collar
b. Freeboard d. Frame
43. A pond bottom slope of 2000:1 is equivalent to:
a. 0.05% slope c. 1.0% slope
b. 0.5% slope d. 5% slope

Slope = (1/2000)(100) = 0.05%

44. This is provided in a pipe drain to prevent seepage:

a. Core trench c. Collar
b. Freeboard d. Frame

45. A crop sown with another crop and harvested separately is called:
a. cover crop c. inter-tilled crop
b. relay crop d. companion crop
43. A pond bottom slope of 2000:1 is equivalent to:
a. 0.05% slope c. 1.0% slope
b. 0.5% slope d. 5% slope

Slope = (1/2000)(100) = 0.05%

44. This is provided in a pipe drain to prevent seepage:

a. Core trench c. Collar
b. Freeboard d. Frame

45. A crop sown with another crop and harvested separately is called:
a. cover crop c. inter-tilled crop
b. relay crop d. companion crop
46. Which of the following has the highest porosity percentage in terms of volume?
a. sandy clay c. silty clay
b. clay loam d. loam
46. Which of the following has the highest porosity percentage in terms of volume?
a. sandy clay c. silty clay
b. clay loam d. loam

47. Horizontal projection of an area containing a natural waterway bounded by an

arbitrarily selected outlet and by ridges, summits and hydraulic boundaries such that
precipitation falling onto this area is trapped within and consequently discharged through
the outlet is called:
a. watershed b. topographic map c. river basin d. a and b
46. Which of the following has the highest porosity percentage in terms of volume?
a. sandy clay c. silty clay
b. clay loam d. loam

47. Horizontal projection of an area containing a natural waterway bounded by an

arbitrarily selected outlet and by ridges, summits and hydraulic boundaries such that
precipitation falling onto this area is trapped within and consequently discharged through
the outlet is called:
a. watershed b. topographic map c. river basin d. a and b

48. The peak runoff in a 10 ha-watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr

and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 is:
a. 1.1 m3/s b. 2.1 m3/s c. 3.1 m3/sd. 4.1 m3/s
46. Which of the following has the highest porosity percentage in terms of volume?
a. sandy clay c. silty clay
b. clay loam d. loam

47. Horizontal projection of an area containing a natural waterway bounded by an

arbitrarily selected outlet and by ridges, summits and hydraulic boundaries such that
precipitation falling onto this area is trapped within and consequently discharged through
the outlet is called:
a. watershed b. topographic map c. river basin d. a and b

48. The peak runoff in a 10 ha-watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr

and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 is:
a. 1.1 m3/s b. 2.1 m3/s c. 3.1 m3/sd. 4.1 m3/s

Q = CIA = (0.8)(0.05 m/hr)(hr/3600 sec)(10 ha x 10,0000 m2/ha) = 1.1 m3/s

49. A soil sample has a wet mass of 120 g and an undisturbed volume of 78 cc. If the dry
mass basis moisture content is 20%, the bulk density is:
a. 1.18 g/cc b. 1.28 g/cc c. 1.38 g/cc d. 1.48 g/cc
50. A 5-ha cornfield was irrigated for 12 hrs at a discharge of 250 lps. If the average depth
of water stored in the rootzone as a result of irrigation was observed to be 160 mm, the
application efficiency is
a. 70% b. 72%c. 74% d. 76%e. 80%
50. A 5-ha cornfield was irrigated for 12 hrs at a discharge of 250 lps. If the average depth
of water stored in the rootzone as a result of irrigation was observed to be 160 mm, the
application efficiency is
a. 70% b. 72%c. 74% d. 76%e. 80%

dg = Qt/A
= (250 li/sec)(3600 sec/hr)(12 hrs)(1 m3/1000 li)(1000 mm/m)/(50,000 m2)
= 216 mm
Ea = (dn/dg)x100 = (160/216)x100 = 74.04%
51. Structure that conveys across but underneath natural depressions is:
a. drop structure d. inverted siphon
b. bench flume e. tail escape
c. Parshall flume
51. Structure that conveys across but underneath natural depressions is:
a. drop structure d. inverted siphon
b. bench flume e. tail escape
c. Parshall flume

52. The type of drainage system layout suitable for concave areas is:
a. random b. herringbone c. gridiron d. Hooghoudt
51. Structure that conveys across but underneath natural depressions is:
a. drop structure d. inverted siphon
b. bench flume e. tail escape
c. Parshall flume

52. The type of drainage system layout suitable for concave areas is:
a. random b. herringbone c. gridiron d. Hooghoudt

53. The depth of water to be removed from a drainage area in 24 hrs is called:
a. runoff coefficient b. drainage coefficient c. discharge coefficient
d. maximum observed rainfall
51. Structure that conveys across but underneath natural depressions is:
a. drop structure d. inverted siphon
b. bench flume e. tail escape
c. Parshall flume

52. The type of drainage system layout suitable for concave areas is:
a. random b. herringbone c. gridiron d. Hooghoudt

53. The depth of water to be removed from a drainage area in 24 hrs is called:
a. runoff coefficient b. drainage coefficient c. discharge coefficient
d. maximum observed rainfall