GROUP 13

TITLE
Small Hydro: Design Hydroelectric
mechanical system that could generate
10MW for rural residential areas
Water Turbine, also known as aHydro Turbine, is a fairly simple m
produces a rotary turning action at a medium to high rotational speed

SMALL HYDRO :
HYDROELECTRIC TURBINE
INSTALLATIONS ARE TYPICALLY USED
FOR SMALLER SCHEMES GENERATING
LESS THAN 10MW OUTPUT. WATER
FROM A FAST FLOWING RIVER OR
STREAM IS DIVERTED THROUGH A
TURBINE.
For Pelton turbine, the head of water is essentially zero
and the turbine converts the kinetic energy of the fast
flowing water into rotational energy of the turbine and the
generator.
In deeper, slower flowing rivers, Kaplan turbines may be
used to extract the energy from the water flow.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Types of turbine to be consider
Pelton turbine used for high hydraulic head (30.48m),
Max power produce 400MW
Kaplan turbine can be used for low hydraulic head (as
low as 0.3m), high efficiency (90%)
Francis turbine range head (40m - 600m), Max power
produce (800MW), efficiency (90%)
DESIGN PROBLEM
To design Hydroelectric mechanical system that
could generate 10MW.
Function: To generate power from the movement of
water.
Problem: Limited space and limited source due to the
absent of highland (high head).
Solution: We use the Kaplan turbine to generate
10MW power because it is suitable for rural
area which river water flow (low head) as the main
source.
Hnet = Hg HL where

Hnet = Effective Head

Hg = Gross Head
HL = Head Loss
FORMULAS TO BE USED
P = Q x g x Hnetx where
P = power, measured in Watts (W).
Q = mass flow rate in kg/s or litres/second
g = the gravitational constant, which is 9.81
Hnet = the nethead. Hnet=Hgrossx 0.9
= the product of all of the component
efficiencies of the turbine, drive system
and generator
COMPONENTS INSIDE TURBINE
& GENERATOR
 MECHANISM OF TURBINES
Mechanism inside the hub
Blade
Crosshead
Link
Lever
Pivot