AY

NW
R U
According to the
International Civil Aviation Or
ganization
(ICAO), arunwayis a
"defined rectangular area on
a landaerodromeprepared
for thelandingandtakeofof
aircraft". Runways may be a
man-made surface (often
asphalt,concrete, or a
mixture of both) or a natural
surface (grass,dirt,gravel,
Runways are named by a number
between 01 and 36, which is
generally themagneticazimuthof
the runway'sheadingindeca
degrees. This heading difers
fromtrue northby the local
magnetic declination. A runway
numbered 09 points east (90),
runway 18 is south (180), runway
27 points west (270) and runway
36 points to the north (360 rather
than 0).[1]When taking of from
or landing on runway 09, a plane
DECLARED DISTANCES

Runway dimensions vary from

as small as 245m (804ft)
long and 8m (26ft) wide in
smallergeneral aviation
airports, to 5,500m
(18,045ft) long and 80m
(262ft) wide at large
international airportsbuilt to
accommodate the largestjets
, to the huge 11,917m
274m (39,098ft 899ft)
TORA[5]Takeof Run
Available The length of
runway declared
available and suitable for
the ground run of an
airplane taking of.[6]
TODA[5]TakeofDistance
Available The length of the
takeof run available plus the
length of theclearway, if
clearway is provided.[6](The
clearway length allowed must
lie within the aerodrome or
airport boundary. According
to the
Federal Aviation Regulations
and
ASDA Accelerate-
[5]

Stop Distance
Available The
length of the
takeof run
available plus the
length of the
LDA[5]Landing Distance
Available The length
of runway that is
declared available
and suitable for the
ground run of an
airplane landing.[7]
EMDA[8]Emergency
Distance Available LDA
Landing Distance
Available (or TORA)
Takeof Run Available
plus a stopway.