BEARINGS

&
LUBRICATION
PRINCIPLES OF FRICTION
 TYPES OF BEARINGS

B E A R IN G

P L A IN B E A R IN G R O L L IN G E L E M E N T
OR
A N T I F R IC T IO N B E A R IN G

(A R E A C O N T A C T ) (P O IN T O R L IN E C O N T A C T )

J O U R N A L B E A R IN G G U ID E B E A R IN G T H R U S T B E A R IN G / T IL T IN G P A D
(R A D IA L L O A D ) (B A C K & F O R T H ) (A X IA L L O A D )
M O T IO N

S O L ID S P L IT HALF T IL T IN G P A D G . C Y L IN D E R & G . V E R T IC A L F A N
R ID E R R IN G
BEARING ARRANGEMENT

THRUST

RADIAL
BEARING ARRANGEMENT

THRUST

RADIAL
BEARING ARRANGEMENT
 ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS

BALL BEARINGS
RADIAL BALL BEARING
ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARING

ROLLER BEARINGS
CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARING
TAPER ROLLER BEARING
SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING
BEARING NOMENCLATURE
LOAD DIRECTION
BALL BEARINGS
ROLLER BEARINGS
NEEDLE ROLLER BEARINGS
BEARING LIFE
LOAD CARRYING SURFACES
BEARING DESIGNATION
BEARING DESIGNATION
 BEARING FAILURE ANALYSIS

A SURVEY REVEALS :
9% FAILURE DUE TO FATIGUE.
27% FAILURES DUE TO IMPROPER MOUNTING &
DISMOUNTING.
43% FAIL DUE TO IMPROPER LUBRICATION.
21% FAILURES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES.

OBJECTIVE:
100% FAILURES DUE TO NORMAL FATIGUE.
 FRICTION BEARINGS

SLEEVE BEARINGS
TILTING PAD BEARING
WORKING PRINCIPLE
TILTING PAD RADIAL BEARING
TILTING PAD THRUST BEARING
LUBRICATION
 WHY LUBRICATION??

Formation of protective film to

Reduce friction
Prevent corrosion
Remove wear particles and debris
Provide efficient cooling
Reduce wear
Shock absorption
Overall life improvement
 LUBRICATION THEORY

Full film
Static
Hydrodynamic
Elastohydrodynamic
Application of pressure / load
Depends upon speeds, loads, lubricant viscosity
Boundary layer
Layer separation not complete
Results from insufficient lube, incorrect lube
 GREASE Vs OIL

When greases?

Normal speed and temp conditions

Simpler / cheaper installation
Better adhesion
Protection against impurities
Less frequent application required

When Oils?

High Speed and temp

Excellent cleaning and flushing characteristics
Can be used in recirculative systems
Can serve better in excessive dirt environment

 LUBE OIL PROPERTIES

Viscosity
Viscosity index
Flash point
Pour point
Oxidation stability
Demulsibility
Load carrying ability (EP)
Detergency
TAN / TBN
 TYPES OF LUBRICANTS

Automotive oils
Engine oils
Gear oils
Transmission oils
Other oils (preservative oils etc)
Industrial oils
Turbine oils
Hydraulic oils
Gear oils
Refrigeration compressor oils
Greases
Synthetic oils
 LUBE OIL SELECTION

OEM recommendation
Viscosity & VI
Bearing and lubrication type
Operating temperature
 LUBE OIL MONITORING

Lube oil level

Oil pressure
Oil inlet and outlet temp
Lube cooler inlet & outlet temp
Oil filter DP
Bearing temp
 WDA Concept
Every lubricated wear surface generates particles
There is a gradual build up of small particles in a normal system
When abnormal wear begins, there is no sharp instantaneous increase in the
concentration of small particles present in the system
Large particles, however, reach a dynamic equilibrium in a normal system
(filtration)
When abnormal wear begins, there is a dramatic increase in the
concentration of large particles
Therefore, detection, measurement and analysis of these large wear particles
can provide early and accurate information about the condition of the
machine
 WDA Methodology
Particle Size
Composition
Shape
Concentration
WDA Trend Graph
 Oil analysis Vs WDA
Lubricant Analysis
Monitoring of the lubricant
Condition of the lubricant
Viscosity, TAN, TBN, Water content, Insolubles

Wear debris Analysis

Monitoring of wear particles
Condition of the machine
Quantity of wear particles in ppm
 WDA : Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
Provides early warning
Identifies lubricant contamination
Identifies specific failing components
Helps monitor component deterioration

Disadvantages:
Trending is necessary
Accuracy depends on sampling point, skill