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Circuit Theory
Chapter 18
Fourier Transform
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Fourier Transform
Chapter 18
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18.1 Definition of Fourier Transform (1)
• It is an integral transformation of f(t) from
the time domain to the frequency domain F()
• F() is a complex function; its magnitude is
called the amplitude spectrum, while its phase
is called the phase spectrum.
Given a function f(t), its fourier transform
denoted by F(), is defined by
F ( ) f (t )e jt
dt
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18.1 Definition of Fourier Transform (2)
Example 1
Determine the Fourier transform of a single
rectangular pulse of wide and height A, as
shown below.
A rectangular pulse 4
18.1 Definition of Fourier Transform (3)
Solution:
/2
F ( ) Ae jt dt
/ 2
A j t / 2
e
j / 2
2 A e j / 2 e j / 2
2j
Amplitude spectrum of
A sin c the rectangular pulse
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18.1 Definition of Fourier Transform (4)
Example 2:
Obtain the Fourier transform of the “switched-
on” exponential function as shown below.
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18.1 Definition of Fourier Transform (5)
Solution:
at e at
, t0
f (t ) e u (t )
0, t0
Hence,
F ( ) f (t )e j t
dt e jat e jt dt
e ( a j ) t dt
1
a j
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (1)
Linearity:
If F1() and F2() are, respectively, the Fourier
Transforms of f1(t) and f2(t)
F a1 f1 (t ) a2 f 2 (t ) a1 F1 ( ) a2 F2 ( )
Example 3:
F sin(0t )
1
2j
F e j0t F e j0t j ( 0 ) ( 0 )
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (2)
Time Scaling:
If F () is the Fourier Transforms of f (t), then
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F f (at ) F ( ), a is a constant
a a
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (3)
Time Shifting:
If F () is the Fourier Transforms of f (t), then
F f (t t0 ) e jt0 F ( )
Example 4:
j 2
F e (t 2 )u (t 2)
e
1 j
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (4)
F f (t )e j0t F ( 0 )
Example 5:
1 1
F f (t ) cos(0t ) F ( 0 ) F ( 0 )
2 2
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (5)
Time Differentiation:
If F () is the Fourier Transforms of f (t), then
the Fourier Transform of its derivative is
df
F u (t ) jF ( s )
dt
Example 6:
d at
F e u (t )
1
dt a j
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (6)
Time Integration:
If F () is the Fourier Transforms of f (t), then
the Fourier Transform of its integral is
t
F ( )
F f (t )dt F (0) ( )
j
Example 7:
1
F u (t ) ( )
j
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (7)
Reversal:
If F() is the Fourier Transforms of f (t), then
reversing f(t) about the time axis reverses F()
about frequency.
L f (t ) F ( ) F * ( )
Example 8:
Duality:
If F() is the Fourier Transforms of f (t), then the
Fourier transform of F(t) is 2f(-).
F f (t ) F ( ) F F (t ) 2f ( )
Example 9:
If f (t ) e , then
t 2
Duality If F(t) then
2 t 1
2
F ( ) property
F 2f ( ) 2e
2 1
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18.2 Properties of Fourier Transform (9)
• It is defined as y (t ) x( )h(t )d or y (t ) x(t ) * h(t )
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Y ( ) F h(t ) x(t ) H ( ) * X ( )
2
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18.3 Circuit Applications (1)
Y() = H()X()
Example 10:
Find v0(t) in the circuit shown below for
vi(t)=2e-3tu(t)
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18.3 Circuit Applications (3)
Solution:
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The Fourier transform of the input signal is Vi ( )
3 j
V ( ) 1
The transfer function of the circuit is H ( ) 0
Vi ( ) 1 j 2
Hence,
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V0 ( )
(3 j )(0.5 j )
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