Air conditioning

maintaining the temperature,

humidity, air flow and purity
of a particular place

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 Commercial applications
1. a/c for houses and offices
The comfort of human is the prime
consideration .
Means of obtaining individual
selected temperature.
To meet variations in internal and
external loads .

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 2. a/c for hotels and auditorium
Variable load, ventilation
requirements
Localized High sensible and latent
heat loads
Heavy infiltration load

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 3.hospital
Ventilation air requirements
Special filters

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 Industrial applications
To provide proper conditions of
temperature and humidity for
manufacturing process like textile ,
printing , tyre and refineries.
To maintain ultra clean atmosphere
which required for precision work and
in measurement laboratories.
For drying the products
To preserve food during storage and
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 Psychrometry
the study of properties of mixtures of
air and water vapour.

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 Dry air.

Air without moisture .

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 Moist air.

it is a mixture of dry air and water

vapour
depends upon- the temperature of
the air.
Maximum quantity - saturation
capacity .

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 The maximum amount of vapour that
can be mixed with any given volume
of dry air depends only on the
temperature of the air. Since the
amount of water vapour in the air
determines the partial pressure
exerted by the water vapour. It is
evident that the air will contain the
maximum amount of water vapour
when the water vapour in the air
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 Since the maximum pressure that
can be exerted by any vapour is the
saturation pressure corresponding to
its temperature, air will contain the
maximum amount of water vapour
when the pressure exerted by the
water vapour is equal to the
saturation pressure corresponding to
the temperature of the air
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Daltons Law of partial pressure:

total pressure of a mixture of gases

is equal to the partial pressures
exerted by each gas when it occupies
mixture volume at mixture
temperature.

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 Dry bulb temperature.
Temperature measured by ordinary
thermometer

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 Wet bulb temperature
Temperature measured by a
thermometer when its bulb is
covered by wet cloth and
exposed to a moving air.

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 Dew point temperature
The temperature of the air is reduced
by continuous cooling and then the
water molecules in the air starts
condensing.
The temperature at which the water
molecules in the air start condensing
is known as due point temperature.

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 Since partial pressure of water
vapour very small , it exists in
superheated state in the atmospheric
temperature.

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 Absolute humidity.
The weight of water vapour present
in unit volume of air mixture is
known as absolute humidity.

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 Specific humidity or humidity ratio
().
It is the mass of water vapour
present per kg of dry air. ( kg of
water per kg of dry air).

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Relationships between mass and
specific volume

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 Degree of saturation().

Ratio of mass of water vapour

associated with unit mass of dry air
to mass of water vapour associated
with unit mass of dry air saturated at
the same temperature

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 Degree of saturation().

At the same temperature

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 OR

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Relative humidity ()

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 Enthalpy of Moist air.
Enthalpy of moist air = enthalpy of
one kg of dry air + enthalpy of water
vapour associated with one kg of dry
air

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 considering the change in enthalpy
of a perfect gas as a function of
temperature only
Enthalpy above a datum of 0 degree
C can be expressed as

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 Note:
For convenience in air conditioning
calculations, the enthalpy and
specific volume are based upon unit
mass of dry air.

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Empirical relationship to
find Pv

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