THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL

NERVES

M O RT E Z A B S , M D
THE BRAIN
The protective coverings of the brain
Locations of ventricles
Cerebrospinal fluid functions

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has three main functions:

CSF protects brain and spinal cord from trauma.
CSF supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue.
CSF removes waste products from cerebral
metabolism.
The formation,circulation,and
absorption of CSF
Pathways of circulating cerebrospinal fluid
Parts of the Brain
The Brain consist of :
BRAIN STEM Medulla oblongata, Pons,
Midbrain (Me-PM)
CEREBELLUM
DIENCEPHALON Thalamus, Hypothalamus,
Epithalamus (THE)
CEREBRUM
Medulla oblongata in relation to the rest of the brain stem
Internal anatomy of the medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
A major gyrus, the precentral gyruslocated
immediately anterior to the central sulcuscontains
the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex
Another major gyrus, the postcentral gyrus,
which is located immediately posterior to the
central sulcus, contains the primary
somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex.
Basal ganglia
functions of the basal ganglia

A major function of the basal ganglia is to help

initiate and terminate movements of the body.
The basal ganglia also suppress unwanted
movements and regulate muscle tone.
In addition,the basal ganglia influence many aspects
of cortical function, including sensory, limbic,
cognitive, and linguistic functions.
Limbic system
The limbic system is sometimes called the
emotional brain
because it plays a primary role in a range of
emotions, including pleasure, pain, docility,
affection, fear, and anger. It also is involved in
olfaction (smell) and memory.
Summary of Functions of Principal Parts of the Brain
Functional areas of the cerebrum
Brocas (BRO -kaz) speech area (areas 44 and
45), located in the frontal lobe close to the lateral
cerebral sulcus, is involved in the articulation of
speech

Wernickes (posterior language) area (VER-

ni-ke - z) (area 22, and possibly areas 39 and 40),
a broad region in the left temporal and parietal lobes,
interprets the meaning of speech by
recognizing spoken words
cranial nerves
cranial nerves
Oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI)
nerves
Cerebrovascular Accident/stroke / brain
attack
Transient Ischemic Attacks
Alzheimer Disease
Brain Tumors
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder