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Real Numbers
Rationals
6.7 0.8
Integers
5 11 5 3
Wholes 2
9 0 7
Naturals
1, 2, 3...
Rational Numbers
A rational number is EXAMPLES OF
a real number that RATIONAL NUMBERS
can be written as a 16
ratio of two 1/2
integers. 3.56
A rational number -8
written in decimal 1.3333
form is terminating -3/4
or repeating.
Rational Numbers
Natural Numbers - Natural counting numbers.
1, 2, 3, 4
Rational
Rational Numbers
Rational Numbers
A rational number is any number that can be a
expressed as the ratio of two integers.
All terminating and repeating decimals can be
expressed in this way so they are irrational
b
numbers.
To show that a repeating decimal is rational.
Example 1 Example 2
To show that 0.333 is rational. To show that 0.4545 is rational.
Let x = 0.333 Letx = 0.4545
10x = 3.33 100x = 45.45
9x = 3 99x = 45
x = 3/9 x = 45/99
x = 1/3 x = 5/11
Rational and Numbers
Rational Numbers
A rational number is any number that can be a
expressed as the ratio of two integers.
All terminating and repeating decimals can be
expressed in this way so they are irrational
b
numbers.
Question 1 Question 2
Show that 0.222 is rational. Show that 0.6363 is rational.
Let x = 0.222 Letx = 0.6363
10x = 2.22 100x = 63.63
9x = 2 99x = 63
x = 2/9 x = 63/99
x = 7/11
Properties
1. Distributive
2. Commutative
3. Associative
4. Identity properties of one and
zero
Algebra terms
commute
when they trade places
xy
yx
This is a statement of the
commutative property
for addition:
xy yx
It also works for
multiplication:
xy yx
Distributive Property
A(B + C) = AB + BC
AxB= BxA
A+B= B+A
This is a statement of the
Associative Property:
( x y) z x ( y z )
The variables do not change
their order.
The Associative Property
also works for multiplication:
( xy) z x ( yz )
Associative Property of
multiplication and Addition
Associative Property (a b) c = a (b c)
Example: (6 4) 3 = 6 (4 3)
Associative Property (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Example: (6 + 4) + 3 = 6 + (4 + 3)
The distributive property only
has one form.
Not one for
addition . . .and one for
multiplication
. .because both operations are
used in one property.
This is an example
of the distributive
property.
4(2x+3) =8x+12
2x +3
4 8x 12
Here is the distributive
property using variables:
x ( y z ) xy xz
y +z
x xy xz
The identity property for addition
asks,
What can I add to myself
to get myself back again?
x0
_x
x0
_x
The above is the identity property
for addition.
1 x
x (_)
1 x
x (_)
The above is the identity property
for multiplication.
A x 1 = A or 5 x 1 = 5
Example 1: Identifying Properties of Addition and
Multiplication
Name the property that is illustrated in each
equation.
A. (4) 9 = 9 (4)
(4) 9 = 9 (4) The order of the numbers changed.
Commutative Property of Multiplication
B.
The factors are grouped
differently.
Associative Property of Addition
Example 2: Using the Commutative and
Associate Properties
Simplify each expression. Justify each step.
29 + 37 + 1
29 + 37 + 1 = 29 + 1 + 37 Commutative Property
of Addition
Associative Property of
= (29 + 1) + 37
Addition
= 30 + 37 Add.
= 67
What Is a Continued
Fraction?
A general continued fraction representation
of a real number x is one of the form
b1
x a0
b2
a1
b3
a2
a ...
where ai and bi are integers for all i.
3
ai 0
What Is a Continued
Fraction?
A simple continued fraction representation of
a real number x is one of the form
1
x a0
1
a1
1
a2
a3 ...
where
ai 0
170
53
ai 0
11
3
53
ai 0
1
3
9
4
11
ai 0
19
0;2,1,2,6
51