Molarity % V/V %M/M PPM: End Show

16.
2 Concentrations of Solutions
Water must be tested

continually to ensure that the
concentrations of contaminants
do not exceed established
limits. These contaminants
include metals, pesticides,
bacteria, and even the by-
products of water treatment.
You will learn how solution
concentrations are calculated.
(molarity; % v/v; %m/m; ppm) Slide
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
16.2 Concentrations of Solutions > Molarity
The concentration of a solution is a measure of

the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given
quantity of solvent.
A dilute solution is one that contains a small

amount of solute.
A concentrated solution contains a large

amount of solute.
Slide
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Molarity
How do you calculate the molarity of a

solution?
Slide
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Molarity (M) is the number of moles of

solute dissolved in one liter of solution.
To calculate the molarity of a solution,

divide the moles of solute by the volume
of the solution.
Slide
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To make a 0.5-molar
(0.5M) solution, first
add 0.5 mol of solute
to a 1-L volumetric
flask half filled with
distilled water.
Slide
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Swirl the flask Fill the flask with

carefully to dissolve water exactly to the
the solute. 1-L mark.
Slide
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16.2
16.2
for Sample Problem 16.2
16.3
16.3
Sample Problem 16.3
16.2 Concentrations of Solutions > Making Dilutions
Making Dilutions
What effect does dilution have on the

total moles of solute in a solution?
Diluting a solution reduces the number

of moles of solute per unit volume, but
the total number of moles of solute in
solution does not change.
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The total number of moles of solute remains

unchanged upon dilution, so you can write this
equation.
M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the

initial solution, and M2 and V2 are the molarity
and volume of the diluted solution.
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Making a Dilute Solution
Slide
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To prepare 100 ml of 0.40M MgSO4 from a stock

solution of 2.0M MgSO4, a student first measures
20 mL of the stock solution with a 20-mL pipet.
Slide
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She then transfers the 20 mL to a 100-mL

volumetric flask.
Slide
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Finally she carefully adds water to the mark to

make 100 mL of solution.
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Volume-Measuring Devices
Slide
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16.4
16.4
16.2 Concentrations of Solutions > Percent Solutions
Percent Solutions
What are two ways to express the

percent concentration of a solution?
The concentration of a solution in

percent can be expressed in two ways:
as the ratio of the volume of the solute
to the volume of the solution or as the
ratio of the mass of the solute to the
Slide
mass of the solution. 23 of 46
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Concentration in Percent (Volume/Volume)
Slide
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Isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) is sold as a 91%

solution. This solution consist of 91 mL of
isopropyl alcohol mixed with enough water to
make 100 mL of solution.
Slide
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16.5
SAMPLE PROBLEM 16.5
Slide
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Practice Problems For Sample Problem 16.5

Concentration in percent (mass/mass)
Slide
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16.2 Concentrations of Solutions > Parts per million
Concentration in parts per million (ppm)

(To complete)
Slide
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16.2 Section Quiz.
Assess students understanding

of the concepts in Section 16.1.
Continue to: Launch:

-or-
Section Quiz
Slide
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16.2 Section Quiz.
1. To make a 1.00M aqueous solution of NaCl,

58.4 g of NaCl are dissolved in
a. 1.00 liter of water.
b. enough water to make 1.00 liter of solution
c. 1.00 kg of water.
d. 100 mL of water.
Slide
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16.2 Section Quiz.
2. What mass of sodium iodide (NaI) is contained

in 250 mL of a 0.500M solution?
a. 150 g
b. 75.0 g
c. 18.7 g
d. 0.50 g
Slide
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16.2 Section Quiz.
3. Diluting a solution does NOT change which of

the following?
a. concentration
b. volume
c. milliliters of solvent
d. moles of solute
Slide
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16.2 Section Quiz.
4. In a 2000 g solution of glucose that is labeled

5.0% (m/m), the mass of water is
a. 2000 g.
b. 100 g.
c. 1995 g.
d. 1900 g.
Slide
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16.2 Section Quiz.
4. In a 2000 g solution of glucose that is labeled

4.0 ppm, the mass of glucose is
a. 2000 g.
b. 100 g.
c. 1995 g.
d. 0.0080 g.
Slide
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16.

Water must be tested

The concentration of a solution is a measure of

A dilute solution is one that contains a small

A concentrated solution contains a large

How do you calculate the molarity of a

Molarity (M) is the number of moles of

To calculate the molarity of a solution,

Swirl the flask Fill the flask with

What effect does dilution have on the

Diluting a solution reduces the number

The total number of moles of solute remains

M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the

Making a Dilute Solution

To prepare 100 ml of 0.40M MgSO4 from a stock

She then transfers the 20 mL to a 100-mL

Finally she carefully adds water to the mark to

What are two ways to express the

The concentration of a solution in

Concentration in Percent (Volume/Volume)

Isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) is sold as a 91%

Practice Problems For Sample Problem 16.5

Concentration in percent (mass/mass)

Concentration in parts per million (ppm)

Assess students understanding

Continue to: Launch:

1. To make a 1.00M aqueous solution of NaCl,

a. 1.00 liter of water.

b. enough water to make 1.00 liter of solution

2. What mass of sodium iodide (NaI) is contained

3. Diluting a solution does NOT change which of

4. In a 2000 g solution of glucose that is labeled

4. In a 2000 g solution of glucose that is labeled

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