OCCUSAL RELATIONSHIPS IN

PEMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE

INDEX
1 Desirable occlusal contact relationship for removable partial
denture
2 Method for establishing occlusal relationship
a) Direct apposition of cast.
b) Interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining on
record base.
c) Jaw relations records made entirely on occlusion rims.
d) Occlusal relations using occlusion rims on record base.
e) Establishing occlusion by the recording of occlusal path way.
3 Materials for artificial posterior teeth
- Arranging teeth to an occluding template
4 Establishing jaw relations for a mandibular removable partial
denture opposing a
maxillary complete denture.
INTRODUCTION
The fourth phase in the treatment of patient
with removable partial dentures is the
establishment of a functional and harmonious
occlusion
Occlusal harmony between a removable partial
denture and the remaining natural teeth is a
mojar factor in the preservation of the health of
their surrounding structure.
In removable partial dentures because of the
attachment of the removable partial denture to
the abutment teeth occlusal stress can be
transmitted directly to the abutment teeth and
other supporting structures.
These leads to sustained stress that may be
more damaging than those transient stress
found in complete dentures
Failure to provide and maintain adequate
occlusion on the removable partial denture is
primarily result of
- Lack of support for the denture
base
- The fallacying of establishing
occlusion to a single static jaw relation
record.
- An unacceptable occlusal plane.
DESIRABLE OCCLUSAL CONTACT RELATIONSHIP FOR
REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES
The following occlusal arrangements are recommended
to develop a harmonous occlusal relationship of
removable partial dentures and to enhance stability of
the removable partial dentures
1. Simultaneously bilateral contacts of opposing posterior
teeth must occur in centric occlusion
2. Occlusion for tooth supporetd removable partial denture
may be arranged similar to the occlusion in seen in a
harmonous natural dentition
- Stability of such removable partial dentures results from
the effect of the direct retainers at tha both ends of the
dentures base
3.Bilateral balanced occlusion in eccentric position
should be formulated when a maxillary
complete denture oppose the removable partial
denture. This is a complete primarily to
promote the stability of the complete denture.

4. Working side contact should be obtained for the

mandibular distal extension denture. This
contacts should occur simultaneously with
working side contacts of the natural teeth to
distribute the stress over the greatest possible
area
5. Simultaneously working and balancing contact
should be formulated for the maxillary bilateral
distal extension removable partial denture
whenever possibe.
6. Only working contacts need to be formulated for
either maxillary or mandibular unilateral distal
extension removable partial dentures.

7. In the Kennedy Class IV removable partial

denture configuration contact of opposing
anterior teeth in the planned intercuspal position
is desired to prevent a continous eruption of the
opposing natural incisors unless they are
otherwise prevented from extrusion by means of
a lingual plate, auxillary bar, by splinting.
8. Balanced contact of opposing posterior teeth in
a straight forward protusive relationship and
functional excursive position is desired only when
an opposing complete denture or bilateral distal
extension maxillary removable partial denture is
placed.

9. Artificial posterior teeth should not be arranged

further distally than the beginning of a sharp
upward incline of the mandibular residual ridge
or over the retromolar pad.
METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING OCCLUSSAL
RELATIONSHIP
Five methods of establishing interocclusal
relation for removable partial denture
A) Direct apposition of cast
The first method is used when there are
sufficient opposing teeth tat remain in contact to
make the existing jaw relationship obvious or
when only a few teeth are to be replaced on short
denture bases and there is no evidence of
occlusal abnormalities
- METHODS
Apposing cast may be occlude by hand
The occluded cast should be held in apposition
with rigid supports attached with sticky wax to
the base so the cast until they are securely
mounted in the articultor.
Occlusal analysis and the correction of any
existing occlusal disharmony should preceded
the acceptance of such jaw relation record.
Such a jaw relation record between the
remaining natural teeth.
(B) INTEROCCLUSAL RECORS WITH POSTERIOR
TEETH REMAINING
INDICATION:- When sufficient natural teeth
remain to support the removable partial
denture but the relation of opposing natural
teeth dose not permit the occluding of cast by
hand.
A uniformily softened, metal reinforced wafer of
base plate or setup wax is place between the
and the patient is guided to close in centric
relation.
Corret closure should hase been rehearsd
before placement of the wax so that the patient
will not hesitate or deviate into closing.
 It should be replaced a second time to
correct the distortion that result from
chilling and than again chilled after
removal.
All excess wax should now be removed
with a sharp knife.
A wax record can be further corrected
with a freely flowing occlusal registration
material such as metallic oxide paste used
as the final recording medium.
METHOD:-
The opposing teeth should first be lightly coated with
petroleum jelly or a silicon preparation
The occlusal registration material is than mixed
and applied to both side of the metal reinforced
wax record
It is quickly placed and the patient is assisted
with closing in the rehearsed path
After the occlusal registration material has set
the corrected wax record is removed and
inspected for accuracy
Any excess wax matrix should be removed with
sharp knife
Record should seat on accurate cast without
discrepancy or interferance and will provide an
accurate interocclusal record
ADVANTAGE OF USING METALLIC OXIDE
PASTE:-
1.Uniformity of consistency
2.Ease of displacement on closure
3.Accuracy of occlusal surface reproduction
4.Dimensionally stability
5.Less likelihood of distortion during mounting procedure
(C) OCCLUSAL RELATION USING OCCLUSION RIMS
ON RECORD BASES
INDICATION:-
1. When one or more distal extension areas are present
2. When a tooth supported edentulous space is large
3. When opposing teeth do not meet
In this instance occlusal rims on accurate jaw relation
record base must be used .
METHOD:-
It is much same as in the second method except that
occlusion rims are substituted for missing teeth .
It is essential that accurate bases be used to help support the
occlusal relationship.
METHOD FOR RECORDING CENTRIC
RELATION ON RECORD BASE
Modelling plastic occlusal rims may be uniformly soften
by flaming and tempering, result in a generally
acceptable occlusal racord.
This method is the time proved and when compitently
done it is equally in accuracy to any other method
When occlusal rims are used they should be reduced in
height until just out of occlusal contact at the desired
vertical dimension of occlusion.
A single stop is than added to maintain there terminal
position as a jaw relation record is made in some
uniformly soft material
Quick setting impression plaster, bite registration
paste, autop[olymerising resin may be used
 (D) JAW RELATION RECORD MADE ENTIRELY ON
INDICATION:- OCCLUSION RIMS
1. When an opposing maxillary complete denture is to be
made concurrently with a mandibular removable partial
denture.
2. Used in those rare situation in which the few remaining
teeth do not occlude and will not influence eccentric jaw
movements.
Jaw relation records are entirely on occlusal rims
The occlusion rims must be supported by accurate jaw
relation record base
The choice of method for recording jaw relation is much
the same as that or complete denture
Either some direct inter occlusal method or stylus tracing
may be used
(5) Establishing Occlusion by the recording of occlusal
pathway:
The fifth method of establishing occlusion on the
removal partial dentures is the registration of
occlusal pathway and the use of an occluding
template rather than cast of opposing arch.
When a static jaw relation record is used with or
without eccentric supplied teeth are arranged to
occlude according to a specific concepts of the
occlusion.
These movement are made more complicated by
the influences of the remaining natural teeth.
According to Thompson Observing the
occlusion with the teeth in static relation
and then moving the mandible into various
eccentric positions is not sufficient. A
dynamic concept is necessary to produce an
occlusion that is functional harmony with
facial skeleton , the musculature , and the
temporomandibular joint
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRING
OCCLUSAL PATHWAY
After the framework has been adjust to fit the mouth, the
technique for registration of occlusal pathways is as
follow.
1. Support the wax occlusion rim by a denture base having
as same degree of accuracy and stability as the finished
denture base.
The wax used for the occlusion rim should be hard
enough to support biting stress and should be tough
enough to resist fracture.
2. Inform the patient that the occlusal rim must be worn for
24hours or longer.
It should be worn constantly, including nighttime,
excepts for removal during meal.
3. After 24 hours the occlusal surface of the wax
rim should show continuously gloss. Which
indicate functional contact with opposing teeth in
all extreme of movements.
Any are of deficient are add this time.
4. After a second 24- 48hours period of wear the
registration should be complete and the
acceptable.
The remaining teeth that serve as vertical stops
should be in contact and the occlusal rim should
show an intact glossary surface, representing all
each cusp in all extremes of movements.
 The registration of occlusal pathways has
additional advantages.
It makes obtain jaw relation possible under
actual working length condition, with the denture
framework in its terminal position, the opposing
teeth in function, and the opposing denture, if
present fully seated.
MATERIAL FOR ARTIFICIAL POSTERIOR TEETH:
Mostly acrylic resin teeth are generally preferred to
porcelain teeth because, they are nearely resemble enamel
in their abrasion potential against opposing teeth
Improved acrylic teeth with gold occlusal surface are
mostly preferred to opposition of natural teeth restored with
gold occlusal surface because acrylic.
Porcelain teeth are generally used in opposition to
other porcelain teeth.
Acrylic resin tooth surface become impregnated
with abrasive paricles, so act as abrasive surface
itself so resin teeth some time capable of waaring
opposing gold surface.
There should be reduced buccolingual width of
posterior teeth.
A acrylic resin teeth are easily modified and
easily lend themselves to consruction of cast gold
surface on their occlusal gold surface.
ESTABLISHIN JAW RELATION FOR A
MANDIBULAR REMOVABLE PARIAL
DENTURE OPPOSING A MAXILLARY
COMPLETE DENTURE:
Condition: (1) If mandibular removable partial denture
occluding with maxillary complete denture-
- If existing denture is satisfactory and occusal
plane is oriented to an acceptable
anatomic, function and esthetics position
than complete denture not need to b
replaced and treated as a intact arch.
- A face bow transfer is made of that arch and
cast is articulated on the articulator.
-
 than face bow and complete denture is
remover and irreversible hydrocolloid
impression of the denture is made.
- A cast is formed from the impression and
mount on the articulator.
- Than centric relation recorded and
transferred to the articulator.
When the removable partial denture replaces all
posterior teeth and the anterior teeth are no interfering.
A central bearing point tracer is used may be mounted
im the plate on maxillary denture.
A centric relation are recorded by means of introral
stylus tracing against the stable mandibular base.
(2) When a existing complete denture opposing a
arch on which removable partial denture is
fabricated. A cast of complete denture is used
during the fabrication procedure.

(3) If the mandibular removable partial dentures is

tooth supported than mandibular arch resorted
first.
In other instance the mandibular arch is restored
first and jaw relation are established if they
would be a full complement of opposing teeth.
Thus the maxillary complete denture is occluded
with an intact arch.
CONCLUSION

The balanced occlusion is the most

important factor for the retention of the
prosthesis.
The occlusion must be evaluate before the
prosthesis fabrication start.
Preprosthetic mouth preparation must be
done for better occlusion reproduction.
Proper method to be used for the record of
correct occusion.
Imbalanced occlusion is the main cause of
retention loss of the prosthesis.
REFERENCES
McCrackens
Removable Partial Prosthodontics : Alan B. Carr
(Eleventh Edition ) Glen P.
MacGivney
David T. Brown

Clinical Removabale Partial

Prosthodontics : Stewart
(Second edition) Rudd
Kebker