Professional Documents
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Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
of Motivation
Gonzalo Campuzano
Enrique Flores
OUTLINE
Introduction
Early Theories of Motivation (Overview)
Goal Setting Theory
MBO Programs
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation
References
Questions & Answers
55% of U.S. employees have
no enthusiasm for their job.
As cited in D. Jones, Firms spend Billions to Fire Up Workers With Little Luck,
USA Today, May 10, 2001
INTRODUCTION
Motivation is the result of the interaction of the
individual and the situation.
Individuals differ in their basic motivational drive.
i.e. Texbook Vs. Novel
The level of motivation varies both between
individuals and within individuals at different
times.
Motivation: The process that account for an
individuals intensity, direction, and persistence
of effort toward attaining a goal. [1]
EARLY THEORIES
OF MOTIVATION
1950s:
Hierarchy of needs theory
Theories X and Y
The two-factor theory.
They represent a foundation from which
contemporary theories have grown.
Practicing managers still regularly use this
theories and their terminology in explaining
employee motivation.
Contemporary way of thinking
GOAL-SETTING THEORY
Goals tell an employee what needs to be done
and how much effort will need to be expended.
In order to increase performance:
Set specific goals.
Difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher
performance than does easy goals.
Provide feedback.
An individual is committed to the goal when he
believes he can achieve the goal, and wants to
achieve it.
MBO PROGRAMS:
Putting Goal-Setting T. Into Practice
Converting overall organizational objectives into specific
objectives for organizational units and individual
members.
High Achievement
Need
Equity Comparison/
Organizational Justice
O O
:
I A IB
Performance
Opportunity Ability Evaluation
Criteria
Objective Dominant
Performance Needs
Evaluation Reinforcement
System
High Achievement
Need
Equity Comparison/
Organizational Justice
O O
:
I A IB
Performance
Opportunity Ability Evaluation
Criteria
Objective
Dominant
Performance
Reinforcement Needs
Evaluation
System
D. Jones, Firms spend Billions to Fire Up Workers With Little Luck, USA
Today, May 10, 2001