What is Organizational

Development?
It is the application of social science
techniques to plan change in
organizational settings for the
purpose of enhancing organizational
effectiveness and the development
of individuals.
 Underlying Values
Concept of people
Concern for science
Democratic principles
The helping relationship
 Potential Conflicts with OD
Conflict with profit making
Conflict with managerial
prerogatives
 Organizational Level
Diagnosis
Inputs Transformation Outputs

General Strategy Performance

Environment
Design Factors Productivity
Industry
Structure Culture Satisfaction
 Group Level Diagnosis

Inputs Transformation Outputs

Organization
Design Group Team
Factors Design Effectiveness
Factors
Culture Productivity,
Satisfaction
Strategy
 Individual Level Diagnosis

Inputs Transformation Outputs

Group
Design Job Individual
Factors Design Effectiveness
Factors
Personal Productivity,
Characterist- Satisfaction
ics
 After Diagnosis
Feeding back the information
Choosing interventions
Managing change
Institutionalizing change
 Team Building
Improved group
processes
Communication
Goal clarification
Role clarification
Task orientation
 Survey Feedback
Small meetings to
feedback survey
results
Meetings used to
formulate change
Managers conduct
meetings to
indicate
commitment
 Employee Involvement
Quality of worklife
Quality circles
Total quality
management
 Re-Engineering
Job redesign
Teamwork
Work performed by
most appropriate
person
Advanced
information
technologies used
 OD Effectiveness
More impact on organizational than
individual outcomes
Works better for white collars than
blue collars
Works better if multiple techniques are
used
Technological change shows more
positive outcomes
 Measurement Problems
Difficult to isolate cause of outcomes
since OD efforts often involve
multiple changes
May be the result of Hawthorne
effects
Change may be due to maturation or
passage of time and not intervention
 Ethical Issues
The role of the OD practitioner
Whos values
 Backwards & Forwards
Summing up: We looked at OD values
and how the process operates. We
explored major approaches and the
difficulties inherent in evaluating
interventions
Looking ahead: We conclude the
semester by looking at organizational
behavior in a global context