Society

1. the aggregate of people living

together in a more or less
ordered community.
 Politics
1. the activities of
governments concerning the
political relations between
countries.
 Anthropology
1. the study of human biological
and physiological characteristics
and their evolution.
 Sociology
1. the study of the development,
structure, and functioning of human
society.
2. the study of social problems.
ASPECTS OF CULTURE
 *LEARNED
1. Cultural learning, also called cultural transmission,
is the way a group of people or animals within
a society or culture tend to learn and pass on
information. Learning styles are greatly influenced
by how a culture socializes with its children and
young people.
 *SYMBOLIC
Symbolic culture is the ability to learn and transmit
behavioral traditions from one generation to the next
by the invention of things that exist entirely in the
symbolic realm. Symbolic culture is the cultural realm
constructed and inhabited uniquely by Homo sapiens
and is differentiated from ordinary culture, which
many other animals possess.
 *INTEGRATED
1. Cultural integration is a form of cultural
exchange in which one group assumes
the beliefs, practices and rituals of
another group without sacrificing the
characteristics of its own culture.
 *SHARED
1. Cultured is shared by giving or
accepting the beliefs, respecting
others cultural activities.
 *All-encompassing
1. Cultural integration is a form of cultural
exchange in which one group assumes the
beliefs, practices and rituals of another
group without sacrificing the characteristics
of its own culture.
 Ethnocentrism
1. evaluation of other cultures
according to preconceptions
originating in the standards and
customs of one's own culture.
 Cultural relativism
1. is the principle of regarding the beliefs,
values, and practices of a culture from the
viewpoint of that culture itself. Originating in
the work of Franz Boas in the early 20th
century, cultural relativism has greatly
influenced social sciences such as
anthropology.
 Freud's Structure of the Human Mind
1. According to Freud, our personality develops from the
interactions among what he proposed as the three fundamental
structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and superego.
Conflicts among these three structures, and our efforts to find
balance among what each of them "desires," determines how we
behave and approach the world. What balance we strike in any
given situation determines how we will resolve the conflict
between two overarching behavioral tendencies: our biological
aggressive and pleasure-seeking drives vs. our socialized internal
control over those drives.
 Agents of Socialization
1.Family
2.Schools
3.Peers
 Family
1. There is no better way to start than
to talk about the role of family in our
social development, as family is
usually considered to be the most
important agent of socialization.
 Schools
The next important agent of childhood
socialization is the school. Of course, the
official purpose of school is to transfer
subject knowledge and teach life skills, such
as following directions and meeting
deadlines.
 Peers
1. Another agent of socialization that relates to
school is our peer group. Unlike the agents
we've already discussed - family and school -
peer groups give us an opportunity as
children to form relationships with others on
our own terms, plus learn things without the
direction of an adult.
 Values
1. the regard that something is
held to deserve; the importance,
worth, or usefulness of
something.
 Norms
1. the regard that something is held to
deserve; the importance, worth, or
usefulness of something. "your
support is of great value"
 Status
1. the relative social, professional, or
other standing of someone or
something.
 Ascribed status
1. is the social status a person is assigned at
birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. It
is a position that is neither earned nor
chosen but assigned. ... In contrast, an
achieved status is a social position a person
takes on voluntarily that reflects both
personal ability and merit
 Achieved status
1. is a concept developed by the
anthropologist Ralph Linton denoting a
social position that a person can acquire
on the basis of merit; it is a position that
is earned or chosen. It is the opposite of
ascribed status. It reflects personal skills,
abilities, and efforts.