Planning

PROF. MANOJ MISHRA

CNLU PATNA
 To be covered in this session

Forecasting Need & Techniques

Principles of Planning
 Forecasting
Need & Techniques
QUALITATIVE
JURY OR EXECUTIVE OPINION
OPINION OF SALESPERSONS
CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS
DELPHI METHOD
QUANTITATIVE
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
CORRELATION
REGRESSION
 FEATURES OF A GOOD PLAN
LINKED TO LONG TERM OBJECTIVES
DIRECTION FOR ACTION
CONSISTENT
FEASIBLE
SIMPLICITY
FEXIBLE
 Principles of Planning
Purpose and nature of planning
Principle of contribution to objective
The purpose of every plan and all supporting plans is to
promote the accomplishment of enterprise objective.
Principle of objective
Objectives must be clear, verifiable and attainable.
Principle of primacy of planning
The more thoroughly individuals charged with planning
understand and agree to utilize consistent planning
premises, the more coordinated enterprise planning will be.
Principle of efficiency of plans
 Principles of Planning
The Structure of Plans
Principle of planning premises
The more thoroughly individuals charged with planning
understand and agree to utilize consistent planning
premises, the more coordinated enterprise planning will be.
Principle of the strategy and policy framework
The more strategies and policies are clearly understood and
implemented in practice, the more consistent and effective
will be the framework of enterprise plans.
 Principles of Planning
The Process of Planning
Principle of Limiting Factor
By recognizing and overcoming those factors that stand
critically in the way of a goal, the best alternative course of
action.
The Commitment Principle
Logical planning encompasses a future period of time
necessary to fulfill through a series of actions, the
commitments involved in the decisions made today.
 Principles of Planning
Principle of Flexibility
Building flexibility into plans will lessen the danger of losses
incurred through unexpected events, but the cost of
flexibility should be weighed against its advantages,
Principle of Navigational Change
The more that planning decisions commit individuals to a
future path, the more important it is to check on events and
expectations periodically and redraw plans as necessary to
maintain a course towards desired goals.
Thank You!