Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Some Features of The European Norm For Cold-Formed Steel Design in Comparison With The AISI Specification
Some Features of The European Norm For Cold-Formed Steel Design in Comparison With The AISI Specification
Introduction
Some features of cold-formed EC3
Materials
Geometry
Local and distortional buckling
Member resistance
Design assisted by testing
Beams restrained by sheeting
Numerical example
The Eurocodes
Upper limit:
r 0.04tE/fy test is necessary
Lower (optional) limit:
r 5t and r 0.1bp the effect can be neglected
Geometrical limits
Flexural buckling:
Resistance is calculated on the effective area
However, a reduced slenderness is used to
calculate the reduction factor
fya can be used for fully effective sections
Buckling res. for comp. - torsion
Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling:
basically the same as flexural buckling
numerical methods for calculation of critical force is
allowed with the gross cross-section
guidance for end-conditions is given for some
practical cases
Buckling resistance for bending
The given method can only be used:
for practically rigid cross-sections
if no significant angle between principal axes of
gross and effective cross-sections
Buckling resistance is obtained from cross-sectional
bending resistance, with a reduction factor (cLT)
For reduction: a special LT buckling curve is used
Resistance is calculated on the effective area
However, a reduced slenderness is used to calculate
the reduction factor
fya can be used for fully effective sections
Buckling res. for bending contnd.
Second-order moments may be necessary to consider
Interaction for double symmetrical cross-sections:
reference to Part 1.1
two methods (German vs. French)
Interaction for other cross-sections
Serviceability limit states
Relevant norms:
EN 1990 (Basis of design)
EN 1993-1-1 (General rules for steel)
EN 1993-1-3 (Cold-formed)
Only guidance is given, limit values (deflection, etc)
must be agreed with the client
For cold-formed:
Fictitious moment of inertia is proposed
Influence of slip must be considered
Design assisted by test
Long list of principles are given:
planning, execution, evaluation and documentation
Several specific tests are described
Tests on profiled sheets (single-span, double-span,
internal support, end-support tests)
Tests on beams/columns (stub column, member
buckling, cross-s. tension, c.s. bending)
Tests on assemblages / structures (acceptance,
strength, prototype failure, calibration)
Tests on torsionally restrained beams (, )
Design assisted by test contnd.
Combination of tests and mathematical models is
allowed
Evaluation of test results:
Measured data
Adjusted results
Mean value
Characteristic value
Design value
Beams restrained by sheeting
Basic model:
Verification:
Normal force + vertical bending + lateral bending
Buckling
EXAMPLE
Thank you.
elastic
plastic
plastic
shear buckling
shear yielding