Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grit Collection
Example Problem
Proportional Weir
Design a proportional weir to be fitted at the
downstream end of rectangular grit chamber
cross-section of width 2.5 m. The grit
chamber is designed for a flow of 0.30 m3/s
(~26 MLD).
Solution :
x H Flow across a proportional weir is given by
the formula, Q [CW . 2.g .K ].H
h
Where, Q = Flow in m3 / s
H = Depth of flow, m
Cw = weir coefficient = 0.98
75 mm K = Constant
75 mm
g = 9.81 m /s2
W = 2.X
Let the height of flow (H) at 0.3 m3/s be 0.500 m.
Since, Q [CW . 2.g .K ].H , K = 0.138
K
In a proportional weir, x
2. H
Design Calculations:
-1.25 -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25
0.178 0.150 0.090 2.5 0.24
Pump House
Sewage Pumps
Rising Main
~ 10 m
1m
Well Diameter: 3 5 m
By - pass to River
35m
Equalization Tank (Flow Equalization) Time of
Day
Flow Cumulative Flow
from Trunk
Sewer
BR-1 BR-2 BR-3 GC SW EQ PST
Secondary Treatment
However,
1. Particles removed in this case are mostly organic particles of density 1200 kg/m3
5. SS removal: 50 70 %
6. BOD5 removal: 25 40 %
Bacterial Consumption of Organic Carbon
O2
Respiration
Biomass (X)
Heat
Microbial Growth Curve
X, mg/L S, mg/L
Oxygen
Transfer
Time, hours
Exponential Declining
Lag Growth Growth Endogenous
Phase Phase Phase Phase
Bacteria (X) added
Glucose is consumed
in a few hours
Microbial Growth: Definitions and Relations
X = Biomass Concentration, mg/L
dX dX dX
S = Substrate Concentration, mg/L dt dt dt
G T E
dS dX dS
= Substrate Utilization Rate, mg/L/d dt YT . dt
dt T
dS
dt / X q = Specific Substrate Utilization Rate, /d YT = Yield Coefficient, mg X produced (gross) / mg S consumed
dX dS dX
dX dt / X YT . dt / X dt / X
dt = Gross Biomass Growth Rate, mg/L/d G E
T
dX
dt = Net Biomass Growth Rate, mg/L/d
G
m YT .q k d
dX
dt / X m = Specific Net Biomass Growth Rate, /d
G
dX Monods Kinetics
dt = Biomass Decay Rate, mg/L/d
E
qmax
dX
dt / X k d = Specific Biomass Decay Rate, /d
E q, /d
q max .S
When S is large (S >> Ks), q = qmax and hence, m = mmax (1/2).qmax
q
Ks S
When S is small (S << Ks), q = [qmax/Ks].S
Ks
When m = 0, q = kd/YT
S, mg/L
When q < kd/YT, m < 0
Microbial Kinetics in a Reactor
O2
Microbial Kinetic Constants
q max = 4 /d
Q, So, Xo Q, S, X Ks = 25 mg/L
Volume = V; S, X Kd = 0.05 /d
(Q-Qw), Xe, S
Q, So, Xo (1+R).Q, S, X
Volume = V;
S, X
Qw, Xr, S
Substrate Balance for the whole system: Biomass Balance for Aeration Tank:
[dX/dt]g.V = Qw.Xr
Other Relationships:
m.X.V = Qw.Xr (B)
m YT .q k d (D)
q max .S
q (E)
Ks S