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2 Design of Experiments Via Taguchi Methods21
2 Design of Experiments Via Taguchi Methods21
4
Example (heat treatment process for
steel)
Heat treatment process used to harden steel
components
Parameter Parameters Level 1 Level 2 unit
number
1 Temperature 760 900 OC
I= ABCD
24-1
I=AD
24-2
Taguchi's Orthogonal Arrays
Taguchi's orthogonal arrays are highly fractional orthogonal
designs. These designs can be used to estimate main
effects using only a few experimental runs.
2III3-1
I = -ABC
Taguchi's Orthogonal Arrays
Figure (b) shows the 2III3-1 design (I = -ABC,
defining relation ) which also requires four runs
and can be used to estimate three main effects,
assuming that all two factor and three factor
interactions are unimportant.
L8 (2^7)
Taguchis Three Level Designs- Example
L9 (3^4)
Analyzing Experimental Data
To determine the effect each variable has on
the output, the signal-to-noise ratio, or the SN
number, needs to be calculated for each
experiment conducted.
This setup allows the testing of all four variables without having to run 81 (=34)
Selecting the proper orthogonal array by
Minitab Software
Worked out Example
b) Question: Conducting three trials for each
experiment, the data below was collected.
Compute the SN ratio for each experiment for
the target value case, create a response chart,
and determine the parameters that have the
highest and lowest effect on the processor
yield.
Worked out Example
Experi Standar
ment Doping Deposit d
Numbe Temper Pressur Amoun ion deviatio
r ature e t Rate Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean n
1 100 2 4 0.1 87.3 82.3 70.7 80.1 8.5
2 100 5 6 0.2 74.8 70.7 63.2 69.6 5.9
3 100 8 8 0.3 56.5 54.9 45.7 52.4 5.8
4 150 2 6 0.3 79.8 78.2 62.3 73.4 9.7
5 150 5 8 0.1 77.3 76.5 54.9 69.6 12.7
6 150 8 4 0.2 89 87.3 83.2 86.5 3
7 200 2 8 0.2 64.8 62.3 55.7 60.9 4.7
8 200 5 4 0.3 99 93.2 87.3 93.2 5.9
9 200 8 6 0.1 75.7 74 63.2 71 6.8
Enter data to Minitab
Worked out Example
b) Solution:
80.12
For the first treatment, SN i 10 log 8.52 19.5
Experiment A B C D
Number (temp) (pres) (dop) (dep) T1 T2 T3 SNi
1 1 1 1 1 87.3 82.3 70.7 19.5
2 1 2 2 2 74.8 70.7 63.2 21.5
3 1 3 3 3 56.5 54.9 45.7 19.1
4 2 1 2 3 79.8 78.2 62.3 17.6
5 2 2 3 1 77.3 76.5 54.9 14.8
6 2 3 1 2 89 87.3 83.2 29.3
7 3 1 1 2 64.8 62.3 55.7 22.3
8 3 2 2 3 99 93.2 87.3 24.0
9 3 3 1 1 75.7 74 63.2 20.4
Worked out Example
Shown below is the response table. calculating an average SN
value for each factor. A sample calculation is shown for Factor
B (pressure):
Experiment A B C D
Number (temp) (pres) (dop) (dep) SNi
1 1 1 1 1 19.5
2 1 2 2 2 21.5
3 1 3 3 3 19.1
4 2 1 2 3 17.6
5 2 2 3 1 14.8
6 2 3 1 2 29.3
7 3 1 1 2 22.3
8 3 2 2 3 24.0
9 3 3 1 1 20.4
Worked out Example
SNB1 19.5 17.6 22.3 19.8 SNB2 21.5 14.8 24.0 20.1
3 3
SNB3 19.1 29.3 20.4 22.9
3
Level A (temp) B (pres) C (dop) D (dep)
1 20 19.8 24.3 18.2
2 20.6 20.1 19.8 24.4
3 22.2 22.9 18.7 20.2
2.2 3.1 5.5 6.1
Rank 4 3 2 1
The effect of this factor is then calculated by determining the range:
Max Min 22.9 19.8 3.1
Deposition rate has the largest effect on the processor yield
and the temperature has the smallest effect on the processor yield.
Example solution by Minitab
Example: determine response columns
Example Solution
Example: Main Effect Plot for SN
ratios
Differences between SN and Means
response table
Main effect plot for means
Mixed level designs
Example: A reactor's behavior is dependent upon impeller
model, mixer speed, the control algorithm employed, and the
cooling water valve type. The possible values for each are as
follows:
Impeller model: A, B, or C
Mixer speed: 300, 350, or 400 RPM
Control algorithm: PID, PI, or P
Valve type: butterfly or globe
There are 4 parameters, and each one has 3 levels with the
exception of valve type.
Mixed level designs
Available designs
Select the appropriate design
Factors and levels
Enter factors and levels names
Design matrix