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STATICS
BDA10203
Lecture #03
Group of Lecturers
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
2
CHAPTER 2
FORCE IN PLANE 2D
Today’s Objective:
Students will be able to :
a)Add 2-D vectors using Parallelogram or
Triangle method
b)Add 2-D vectors using Scalar Notation or
Cartesian vector notations.
c) Resolve a 2-D vector into components
3
SCALARS AND VECTORS
SCALAR
A quantity characterized by a positive or negative
number
– Indicated by letters in italic such as A
Eg: Mass, volume and length
VECTOR
– A quantity that has both magnitude and
direction
Eg: Position, force and moment
4
SCALARS AND VECTORS
Scalars Vectors
Examples: mass, volume force, velocity
Characteristics: It has a magnitude It has a magnitude
(positive or negative) and direction
5
VECTOR ADDITION
Eg: R = A + B = B + A
VECTOR ADDITION
Example
7
VECTOR ADDITION USING EITHER THE
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OR TRIANGLE
Parallelogram Law:
Always “Tail to tail”
and parallel
Connecting tail to intersection
Triangle method:
(always ‘head to tail’)
Connecting head A to
tail B
or head of B to tail A
8
VECTOR ADDITION USING EITHER THE
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OR TRIANGLE
• Trigonometry
- Magnitude of the two components can be
determined by the law of sines
10
EXAMPLE 2.1
The screw eye is subjected to two forces F1
and F2. Determine the
magnitude and direction
of the resultant force.
Vector Addition of Forces
Solution
Parallelogram Law
Unknown: magnitude of
FR and angle θ
Vector Addition of Forces
Solution
Trigonometry
Law of Cosines
FR 100 N 2 150 N 2 2100 N 150 N cos115
10000 22500 30000 0.4226
212.6 N
213N
Vector Addition of Forces
Solution
Trigonometry
Law of Sines
150 N 212.6 N
sin sin 115
sin
150 N
0.9063
212.6 N
sin 39.8
Vector Addition of Forces
Solution
Trigonometry
Direction Φ of FR measured from the horizontal
39.8 15
54.8
VECTOR ADDITION
WHAT IF MORE THAN TWO FORCES?
16
RESOLUTION OF A VECTOR
“Resolution” of a vector is BREAKING UP A VECTOR INTO
COMPONENTS. It is kind of like using the parallelogram law in
reverse.
17
RESOLUTION OF A VECTOR
Scalar Notation
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SCALAR NOTATION
Sense of direction Sense of direction
along positive x and along positive x and
Positive y axes negative y axes
FR ' F 'Rx F ' Ry
FR FRx FRy F’R = F’Rx + (- F’Ry)
F = Fx i + Fy j
20
F = Fx i + Fy j or F' = F'x i + F'y j
F’ = F’xi + F’y(-j)
F’ = F’xi – F’yj
+ +
_ _
23
Scalar notation
Vector Notation
24
You can also represent a 2-D vector with a magnitude and
angle.
25
EXAMPLE 2.1
The screw eye is subjected to two forces F1
and F2. Determine the
magnitude and direction
of the resultant force.
Solution Scalar notation
Cos=Adjacent/Hypotenus Sin=Opposite/Hypotenus
F1=100
FRx = 100 kos 15° + 150 sin 10° F1y
15º
F1x
= 122.64 N
F1=100
FRx = 100 kos 15° + 150 kos 80° F1y
15º
F1x
= 122.64 N
FR = Fx i + Fy j = 122.6 i + 173.6 j
FRx F 1x F 2 x
FRx 600 cos 30 N 400 sin 45
236.8 N
FR 236.8N 2 582.8N 2
629 N
FRy F 1 y F 2 y
FRy 600 sin 30 N 400 cos 45
582.8 N
Solution
Cartesian Vector Notation
F1 = { 600cos30°i + 600sin30°j } N
F2 = { 400sin45°(-i) + 400cos45°j } N
Thus,
FR = F1 + F2
= (600cos30° - 400sin45°)i + (600sin30° + 400cos45°)j
= {236.8i + 582.8j}N
FR 236.8N 2 582.8N 2
629 N
Solution
Resultant Force
FR 236.8N 2 582.8N 2
629 N
From vector addition,
Direction angle θ is
582.8 N
tan 1
236.8 N
67.9
EXAMPLE
Given: Three concurrent forces
acting on a bracket.
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the resultant
force.
Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.
34
EXAMPLE (continued)
35
EXAMPLE (continued)
y
FR
FR = ((16.82)2 + (3.49)2)1/2 = 17.2 kN
= tan-1(3.49/16.82) = 11.7°
x
36
IN CLASS TUTORIAL (GROUP PROBLEM
SOLVING)
Given: Three concurrent
forces acting on a
bracket
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the
resultant force.
Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.
37
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
38
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
39
ATTENTION QUIZ
1. Resolve F along x and y axes and write it in
vector form. F = { ___________ } N
y
A) 80 cos (30°) i - 80 sin (30°) j x
B) 80 sin (30°) i + 80 cos (30°) j
C) 80 sin (30°) i - 80 cos (30°) j 30°
F = 80 N
D) 80 cos (30°) i + 80 sin (30°) j
2. Determine the magnitude of the resultant (F1 + F2)
force in N when F1 = { 10 i + 20 j } N and
F2 = { 20 i + 20 j } N .
A) 30 N B) 40 N C) 50 N
D) 60 N E) 70 N
40
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL
Q1(2-32) :
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction,
measured clockwise from the positive x axis.
Given:
F1 = 70N
F2 = 50N
F3 = 65N
θ = 30°
φ = 45°
41
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)
Q2 (2-33):
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction
measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis.
Given:
F1 = 50N
F2 = 35N
α = 120°
β = 25°
42
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)
Q3 (2-35) :
Three forces act on the bracket. Determine the magnitude and direction
θ of F1 so that the resultant force is directed along the positive x' axis
and has a magnitude of FR.
Units Used:
kN = 1000N
Given:
FR = 1kN
F2 = 450N
F3 = 200N
α = 45°
β = 30°
43
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)
Q4 (2.26) :
Member BD exerts on member ABC a force P directed along line BD.
Knowing that P must have a 960-N vertical component, determine
(a)The magnitude of the force P,
(b) its horizontal component.
44
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)
Q5 (2.35):
Knowing that α = 35°, determine the resultant and the direction of
the three forces shown.
45