Dr.

Irfannuddin, SpKO

KINESIOLOGI

Applied of anatomy & mechanics in

movements
 LOKOMOTOR SYSTEM

Passive  Bones
Active  Muscles

Joints:
Companionship of 2 or more bone, center of movement (fulcrum)
Joint supports:
Tendon, ligament, joint capsule (discus/meniscus), sinovial fluids,
cartilage, bursa
 Bones
• Foundation of body
Cortex & Medulla
• 4 types
– Long bones
– Short bones
– Flat bones
– Pneumatics
• Locomotors
– Long, short and scapula
 Joints
Fibrous (sindesmosis)
Fibrous, No cavity, almost not moving
 Skull
Cartilaginous (sinkondrosis)
Hyaline cartilage, no cavity, almost not moving
 Sternum to costae
Sinovial joints (diartrosis)
With cavity, moving free
 knee, ankle, hip etc
Knee
 Joint structure

Bones
Bones shape determine movements
Joint capsule
Slick, decrease friction
Diskus/meniskus
Buffer, Shock absorber, stability,
Cavity with fluids
Lubricator, nutrition for cartilage
Ligament
Connective tissue, control the movement
Sendi lutut
 Types of Joint
Hinge joint
1 axis: flexion - extension

Pivot joint
1 rolling axis
Pronasi - supinasi
Saddle joint
2 axis (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction)

Kondiloid joint
2 axis
Ball & socket
Most flexible  3 aksis
(flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, endo-exo
rotation)

Gliding joint
Multi axis but limited 
 Skeletal muscle
• Active locomotor  engine
• Converting chemical to kinetics
• Origo :
- Not mobile bone, always proximal
Insersio :
- Mobile bone always distal
- Usually connected by tendon
Muscle formation
 Contraction
Sliding filament
Head of myosin  torque
 Types of contraction
Dynamics
The length is change when contraction

Concentric Eccentric
 Shorten  Lengthwise
 Muscle force more than  Muscle force less then
external force external force
 For acceleration  For decceleration
 Eq: Quadriceps while  Eq: Quadriceps while sitting
standing
 Jenis Kontraksi
Static/Isometric
• Contraction but not change in length (tighten)
• Muscle force = external force
• For fixation

Push the wall

 Contraction Power

Depend on
Diameter
Motor Unit
Tension before
Electrical stimulation
Motor Unit
Tension Before
 Contraction pattern

Agonist
Principal activator  Biceps brachii while elbow flexion
Supporting activator
Brachialis while elbow flexion
Stabilizers/ fixation
Shoulder while elbow flexion
Synergy
Ankle extension while finger flexion
Antagonist
Work adversative to controls agonist,
Usually eccentric
 Hamstring while kicking the ball
 Types of movement

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Endorotation/ pronasi
Exorotation/ supinasi
Sircumduction