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Projectile Motion or 2D Kinematics: References: Conceptual Physics, Paul G. Hewitt, 10 Edition, Addison Wesley Publisher
Projectile Motion or 2D Kinematics: References: Conceptual Physics, Paul G. Hewitt, 10 Edition, Addison Wesley Publisher
Projectile Motion or 2D Kinematics: References: Conceptual Physics, Paul G. Hewitt, 10 Edition, Addison Wesley Publisher
2D Kinematics
References:
Conceptual Physics, Paul G. Hewitt, 10th edition, Addison
Wesley publisher
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/Class/vectors/u3
l2a.html
Outline
What is a projectile
Characteristics of a projectile's motion
Horizontal and vertical components of
velocity and displacement
Initial velocity components
Examples of problems
What is a projectile?
Horizontal and Vertical Velocities
m/s/s, down,
The vertical velocity of a projectile changes by 9.8 m/s each second,
motion.
Vector diagrams for projectile motion
TIME HORIZONTAL VELOCITY VERTICAL VELOCITY
0s 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, up
1s 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, up
2s 73.1 m/s, right 0 m/s
3s 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, down
4s 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, down
5s 73.1 m/s, right 29.4 m/s, down
6s 73.1 m/s, right 39.2 m/s, down
7s 73.1 m/s, right 49.0 m/s, down
Horizontal and vertical displacement –
Horizontally Launched Projectile
If the horizontal displacement (x) of a projectile were
represented by an equation, then that equation would be
written as
x = vix • t
y = 0.5 • g • t2
(equation for vertical displacement for a horizontally
launched projectile)
Displacement diagram of projectile motion
Horizontal Vertical
TIME DISPLACEMENT DISPLACEMENT
0s 0m 0m
1s 20 m -4.9 m
2s 40 m -19.6 m
3s 60 m -44.1 m
4s 80 m -78.4 m
5s 100 m -122.5 m
Horizontal and vertical displacement : Non -
Horizontally Launched Projectile
y = viy • t + 0.5 • g • t2
(equation for vertical displacement for an
angled-launched projectile)
Use the equation y = 0.5 • g • t2 and substitute -9.8 m/s/s for g. The vertical displacement must then be
subtracted from the initial height of 78. 4 m.
2.
Use the equation y = 0.5 • g • t2 and substitute -9.8 m/s/s for g. The vertical displacement must then be
subtracted from the initial height of 78. 4 m.
3.The v x values will remain constant at 15.0 m/s for the entire 6 seconds; the ax values will be 0 m/s/s for the
entire 6 seconds.
vy = -29.4 m/s (t = 6 s)
vx = v • cos α °
vy = v • sin α °
Evaluating various info
Horizontal motion
Vertical Motion
Solving Projectile Motion Problems
The following procedure summarizes the above problem-solving
approach.
Carefully read the problem and list known and unknown
information in terms of the symbols of the kinematic equations.
For convenience sake, make a table with horizontal information
on one side and vertical information on the other side.
Identify the unknown quantity which the problem requests you to
solve for.
Select either a horizontal or vertical equation to solve for the
time of flight of the projectile.
With the time determined, use one of the other equations to
solve for the unknown. (Usually, if a horizontal equation is used
to solve for time, then a vertical equation can be used to solve
for the final unknown quantity.)
Check your understanding
From the vertical information in the table above and the second equation listed among the vertical kinematic equations (vfy = viy + ay*t), it becomes obvious that the time of flight of the
projectile can be determined. By substitution of known values, the equation takes the form of -17.7 m/s = 17.7 m/s + (-9.8 m/s/s)•t
-35.4 m/s = (-9.8 m/s/s)•t
3.61 s = t
The total time of flight of the football is 3.61 seconds.
With the time determined, information in the table and the horizontal kinematic equations can be used to determine the horizontal displacement (x) of the projectile. The first equation
(x = vix•t + 0.5•ax•t2) listed among the horizontal kinematic equations is suitable for determining x. With the equation selected, the physics problem once more becomes transformed
into an algebra problem. By substitution of known values, the equation takes the form of x = (17.7 m/s)•(3.6077 s) + 0.5•(0 m/s/s)•(3.6077 s)2
x = (17.7 m/s)•(3.6077 s)
x = 63.8 m
The horizontal displacement of the projectile is 63.8 m.
Finally, the problem statement asks for the height of the projectile at is peak. This is the same as asking, "what is the vertical displacement (y) of the projectile when it is halfway
through its trajectory?" In other words, find y when t = 1.80 seconds (one-half of the total time). To determine the peak height of the projectile (y with t = 1.80 sec), the first equation (y
= viy•t +0.5•ay•t2) listed among the vertical kinematic equations can be used. By substitution of known values into this equation, it takes the form of
y = (17.7 m/s)•(1.80 s) + 0.5*(-10 m/s/s)•(1.80 s)2
y = 31.9 m + (-15.9 m)
y = 15.9 m
The solution to the problem statement yields the following answers: the time of flight of the football is 3.61 s, the horizontal displacement of the football is 63.8 m, and the peak height
of the football 15.9 m.
The Problem-Solving Approach
The following procedure summarizes the above problem-solving approach.
Use the given values of the initial velocity (the magnitude and the angle) to determine
the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity (vix and viy).
Carefully read the problem and list known and unknown information in terms of the
symbols of the kinematic equations. For convenience sake, make a table with
horizontal information on one side and vertical information on the other side.
Identify the unknown quantity which the problem requests you to solve for.
Select either a horizontal or vertical equation to solve for the time of flight of the
projectile. For non-horizontally launched projectiles, the second equation listed among
the vertical equations (vfy = viy + ay*t) is usually the most useful equation.
With the time determined, use a horizontal equation (usually x = vix*t + 0.5*ax*t2 ) to
determine the horizontal displacement of the projectile.
Finally, the peak height of the projectile can be found using a time value which one-
half the total time of flight. The most useful equation for this is usually y = viy*t
+0.5*ay*t2 .
SUMMARY: See
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