ENERGY

SUBMITTED BY MAGGIE Y. MONTUNG, S.Pd

WHAT IS ENERGY?

 The word energy comes from the Greek word

“Energos” which means active

 Energy is the ability to cause change

 The unit of energy is Joule (J)

For example :

 Energy can change the

temperature of water

 Energy can change the direction

and speed of a baseball

 The energy in a thunderstorm

produces lightening that lighten up
the skies and thunder that rattle
windows
WHAT IS ENERGY?

That which help in

doing work is
Energy
WHAT IS ENERGY?

 Even this sleeping

puppy is using stored
energy
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

 “Energy cannot
be created or
destroyed, it
only can be
transformed from
one form into
another”
TYPES OF ENERGY

GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL
ENERGY

ELASTIC
POTENTIAL
POTENTIAL
ENERGY
ENERGY
ALL ENERGY
CHEMICAL
KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL
ENERGY
 POTENTIAL ENERGY

 The stored up energy which has the potential

to do work is called potential energy

 Energy due to position or stored energy

𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎 ∙ 𝒈 ∙ 𝒉
 Where :
 m = mass (kg)
 g = earth’s gravitational pull (9.8 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 )
 H = height or the distance the object can fall (m)
 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY

 Stretching a rubber band

(stores energy)
 Water at the top of waterfall
(stores energy)

 Yo-Yo in held in your hand

(stores energy because of position)
KINETIC ENERGY

 Every moving object has energy. The energy that a

body gets because of its motion is called Kinetic
Energy

 The energy of motion

𝟏
𝑲𝑬 = ∙ 𝒎 ∙ 𝒗𝟐
𝟐
 Where :
 m = the object’s mass (kg)
 V = velocity of the object (m/s)
KINETIC ENERGY

Not all moving

objects have the
same amount of
kinetic energy
EXAMPLES OF KINETIC ENERGY

 Shooting a rubber band

 Water falling over the fall

 A yo-yo in motion
CONVERSION OF ENERGY

 Potential Energy gets converted to Kinetic Energy

POTENTIAL ENERGY CONVERTED TO
KINETIC ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY

 The mechanical energy of an object can be result of its

motion (kinetic energy) and/or the result of its stored
energy of position (potential energy)

 The total amount of mechanical energy is merely the

sum of the potential, energy and the kinetic energy
 This sum simply referred to as the total mechanical
energy (abbreviated TME)
𝑇𝑀𝐸 = 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

 Check your understanding of the concept of energy by answering

the following questions

1. A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at constant speed along

an inclined plane to the height of a seat-top. If the mass of the
loaded cart is 3.0 kg and the height of the seat-top is 0.45 meters,
then what is the potential energy of the loaded cart at the height
of the seat-top?

2. Determine the kinetic energy of a 625-kg roller coaster car that is

moving with a speed of 18.3 m/s.
3. If the roller coaster in the question number 2 were moving twice the
speed, then what would be its new kinetic energy?

4. Missy Diwater , the former platform diver for the Ringling Brother’s Circus,
had a kinetic energy of 12 000 Joule just prior to hitting the bucket of
water. If Missy’s mass is 40 kg, then what is her speed?

5. A 900-kg compact car moving at 60 mi/hr has approximately 320 000

Joules of Kinetic Energy. Estimate its new kinetic energy if it is moving at 30
mi/hr. (HINT : use the kinetic energy equation as a “guide to thinking”)
HUKUM KEKEKALAN ENERGI MEKANIK

 “Jika benda hanya dipengaruhi oleh gaya gravitasi,

maka jumlah energy mekanik tetap”

𝐸𝑀1 = 𝐸𝑀2
𝐸𝐾1 + 𝐸𝑃1 = 𝐸𝐾2 + 𝐸𝑀2
USAHA

 Usaha adalah upaya untuk melakukan perpindahan

(W)
 rumus usaha adalah sebagai berikut:
W=Fxs
W = usaha (joule)
F = gaya (newton)
S = jarak/ perpindahan (meter)
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ENERGY DAN USAHA

 Usaha yang dilakukan suatu benda sama besar

dengan energy yang dipindahkan
𝑾 = 𝑬𝟐 – 𝑬𝟏
 W = usaha (joule)
 𝐸1 = energy pada keadaan 1 (joule)
 𝐸2 = energy pada keadaan 2 (joule)
EXAMPLE

Sebuah mobil massa nya 1000 Kg bergerak dengan

kelajuan 72 km/jam. Pengemudi melihat kemacetan,
maka rem di injak sehingga kecepatan berkurang
menjadi 36 km/jam. Selama pengereman mobil
menempuh jarak 10 m. hitung gaya yang dilakukan rem
pada roda?
 ANSWER
Dik :
m = 1000Kg
𝑣1 = 72 km/jam = 20 m/s
𝑣2 = 36 km/jam = 10 m/s
s = 10 m

Dit : F…?
Penyelesaian :
Energy mobil adalah energy kinetic
𝐸𝐾1 = ½ mv2 = 200.000 J
𝐸𝐾2 = ½ mv2 = 50000 J
W = 𝑬𝑲𝟐 -𝑬𝑲𝟏 = 50000 – 200.000 = -150 000 J
W=F×s
F= W/s = -150 000/10 = -15000 N (tanda – artinya mobil sedang melambat)
DAYA

 Daya didefinisikan sebagai kecepatan melakukan

usaha atau usaha tiap satuan waktu
𝑾
𝑷=
𝒕
 Oleh karena W = F × s, maka diperoleh :
𝑭𝒔
𝑷= =𝑭𝒗
𝒕
 Dengan :

P = daya (Joule/s atau watt)