CHAPTER 10:SOUND

WAVES
 SOUND WAVES
The particles of the medium that vibrate
will produce an alternating compression
and rarefaction
 Cannot
Can travel travel
through through
solids, vacuum
liquids and
gases Can be
reflected by
other objects

Can be
absorbed by CHARACTERISTICS
other objects OF SOUND WAVES

Travel
fasters in Travel slower
solids, than speed
followed by of light
liquids and
gases
 REFLECTION AND ABSORPTION
OF SOUND

•Sound can be reflected and

absorbed when it hits the
surface of an object
- hard and smooth surfaces
are good sound reflectors
- examples: wall, marble ,tile
- soft and rough surfaces are
good sound absorbers
- examples: softboard,
carpet
 Exercise :
1.The diagram below shows an activity to proof a characteristic of sound

a) The electric bell is switched on throughout the experiment.

State one observation before and after the switch of vacuum pump is turned on.
_______________________________________________________________
The bell sound rings loudly before the switch of vacuum pump is turned on.
However, after the switch is turned on, the bell ringing becomes weaker and
finally no sound is heard
b) Explain an inference for the observation stated in 1 (a)
________________________________________________________________
At beginning, there is air inside the glass jar but when the switch of vacuum
pump is turned on, all air is sucked out from the glass jar

c) What is the conclusion for this activity?

________________________________________________________________
Sound needs a medium to travel
 Exercise 10.2

1.Tick ( / ) the correct statement and ( X ) the incorrect

statement about the characteristics of sound wave.
a) Sound travels faster than light ____
b) Sound is a form of energy ____
c) Sound can be reflected and absorbed ____
d) Vibration and friction can produce sound _____
e) Sound needs a medium to travel ____
2. Fill in the blanks using the word given
very close, solid, vibration, liquid
Sound is produced through ______ . It is transmitted faster
through __________ compared to ___________. This is
because the particles are arranged _____________ that can
easily be transferred from one particle to other particles
3. Underline the correct answer.
a) Sound can be ( reflected / opened ) and absorbed
b) Marble tiles and wall reflect sound ( poorly / very well )
c) Soft and (smooth / rough ) surfaces can absorb sound
very well.
 PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES

• Sound is a form of energy

• Sound produced by vibrations of an object or
a medium
 crust
SOUND WAVES

Frequency
LOUDNESS AND PITCH OF SOUND
• Frequency of sound-the number of vibrations per
second of a vibrating particle in the medium of
propagation of the sound
• S.I unit- Hertz (1 Hertz= 1 vibration per second)
• Amplitude-the maximum displacement of a
particle from its equilibrium point in the medium
of sound propagation
• S.I unit - metre ( m )
• Pitch-the highness or lowness of a tone or musical
note
• The pitch of a sound is related to the frequency of
the sound
• Unit- decibel (dB)
• The higher the frequency of a sound, the higher the
pitch of a sound
• Loudness- the strength of the sound
• It depends on its amplitude
• The loudness of sound is related to the amplitude of sound
• The larger the amplitude of a sound, the louder the sound
Relationship between frequency
and pitch
Relationship between loudness and
amplitude
EXERCISE
Doppler Effect
wavelenght small wavelenght long
 EXERCISE
The following diagram shows a police car emitting siren and two pedestrians, A and B
.The police car is moving towards A.

Explain the loudness and pitch of the sound heard by A and B based on the situation
in the diagram.

When the police car moves towards A while emitting sirens, the frequency of sound
heard by A _____________ while the frequency of heard by B ____________.
Besides that, the wavelenght received by A is ___________ and its pitch is ________
than heard by B
Shorter louder
decreases
longer higher
increases
 The diagram
Siti below shows the example of theAlvin
Doppler Effect

Siti and Alvin stand still while a police car with siren on drives close to them

a) Give the meaning of Doppler effect.

_________________________________________________________________
The apparent change in frequency due to a moving source of sound

b) State the level of frequency of the police car sound heard by:
i) Lower frequency
Siti:_______________________

ii) AlvinHigh frequency

: ______________________

c) In what situation that Alvin will not experience the Doppler effect?
________________________________________________________________
When the police car passes by Alvin
Exercise :Sonar is used to do various activities in daily life. Match the objects that use sonar with
their respective uses

Use of sonar
Object that uses
sonar
• Estimate the depth of
the location of fish in
• Bat water
• Determine the type of
• Sonogram fish
• Study the condition of
• Fishing boat the organs in the
body
• Estimate the distance
in air
Answers For Discussion Activity 10.5
original ultrasound waves
foetus echo hard reflected
reflect monitor screen detector
ultrasonic wave image depth
of the sea received emits