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Boundary Conditions
Bloch Boundary Condition
Perfectly Matched Layer
Defective Structures
Waveguide
Cavity
Coupled-Resonator Optical Waveguide
Photonic Crystal Slab Waveguide
Conclusions
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Plane Wave Expansion
E-polarization:
LE Er 0 L E r 2 k 2
r 1 r k c
Using Bloch theorem we obtain
E r exp jκ r κ r
L E κ κ r 0
L E κ r 2 jκ κ k
2 2
2
r G exp jG r
G
H
H
2 2
2κ H κ G HHκ k Gκ 2
p N q N
2 2 4
2
mnκ m n
2
m x n y x y
2 2
a a
where we have used
2
G G mn mb1 nb 2 mxˆ nyˆ , κ x xˆ y yˆ
a
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Plane Wave Epansion
Rewriting in matrix form we obtain
Hence
Sκ Sκ 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 2
H κ G κ
H
G H Hκ k Gκ
2
p N q N
2 2
2
mnpqκ mp nq m p x n q y x y
2 2
a a
where we have used
G G mn mb1 nb 2 , H H pq pb1 qb 2
mnκ m n 3mn
2
m x 2n 3m y
a a
x y
2 2
2
mnpqκ
4
mp nq
3
mq np
a 2
2
a
m p x 2n q 3 m p y x 2 y 2
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Sharif PWE Code
Written in MATLAB
Input arguments:
N: Number of Plane Waves
R: Number of Divisions on Each Side of BZ
r: Radius of Holes/Rods
0.8
0.6
N
0.4
0.2
0
0
1 2 3X 4 5 6 M 7 8 9 10
a
© Copyright 2005 1stWorkshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Typical Band Structures
2D Square Array of Dielectric Rods
Blue-Solid Line: E-polarization, Red-Dashed Line: H-polarization
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
N
0.4
0.3
0.2
Si Rods in Air
0.1
L=1, r=0.25, a=11.3, b=1
Si=11.3
0
0
1 2 3X 4 5 6 M 7 8 9 10
r/a=0.25
a
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Typical Band Structures
2D Square Array of Dielectric Rods
Blue-Solid Line: E-polarization, Red-Dashed Line: H-polarization
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
N
0.4
0.3
PBG #1, E-polarization
0.2
Si Rods in Air
0.1
L=1, r=0.25, a=11.3, b=1
Si=11.3
0
0
1 2 3X 4 5 6 M 7 8 9 10
r/a=0.25
a
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Typical Band Structures
E-polarization, first surface, L=1, r=0.25, a=11.3, b=1
Band Surface #1
Contours of first band
0.5
3
0.4
2
0.3
1
0.2
y
0.1
-1
0
-2
2
-3
2
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0
x
-2 -2
0.4
2
0.3
1
0.2
y
0.1
-1
0
-2
2
-3
2
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0
x
-2 -2
0.4
2
0.3
1
0.2
y
0.1
-1
0
-2
2
-3
2
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0
x
-2 -2
0.5
0.4
N
0.3
Air Holes in Si
0.2
0.1
L=1, r=0.38, a=1, b=11.3
Si=11.3
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 r/a=0.38
X M
a
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Typical Band Structures
2D Square Array of Holes in Host Dielectric
Blue-Solid Line: E-polarization, Red-Dashed Line: H-polarization
0.5
0.3
Air Holes in Si
0.2
0.1
L=1, r=0.38, a=1, b=11.3
Si=11.3
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 r/a=0.38
X M
a
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Typical Band Structures
E-polarization, first surface, L=1, r=0.38, a=1, b=11.3
Band Surface #1
0.4
Contours of first band
3
0.3
2
1 0.2
y
0
0.1
-1
0
-2
2
-3 2
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0
x 0
-2 -2
0.3
2
1 0.2
y
0
0.1
-1
0
-2
2
-3 2
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0
x 0
-2 -2
0.3
2
1 0.2
y
0
0.1
-1
0
-2
2
-3 2
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0
x 0
-2 -2
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
n
0.25
0.2
0.15
Air Holes in Si
Si=11.3
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 r/a=0.30
M a K
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Typical Band Structures
2D Triangular Array of Holes in Host
Blue-Solid Line: E-polarization, Red-Dashed Line: H-polarization
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
Air Holes in Si
Si=11.3
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 r/a=0.30
M a K
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Typical Band Structures
2D Triangular Array of Rods in Air
Blue-Solid Line: E-polarization, Red-Dashed Line: H-polarization
0.6
0.5
0.4
n
0.3
0.2
Si Rods in Air
0.1
0.5
0.3
Explicit Scheme
No Matrix Inversion
x
1
i, j , k 1 2 H x i , j 12 , k 12 J n1 i, j , k 1
n 12 n
1 2
H
x 2
2
y
source
z
κ r R exp jκ R κ r
E x 0, y exp j x Lx E x Lx , y
Be thin
Effective near sources
Perfect Lattice
CPCRA
BBC
PML
PML
BBC
SBC
PML
BBC
Probe
Power-plane Integrator
H-polarization
E-polarization
L 0.5a
b 11
Unit cell
b 7.9
r 0.3a
U (t )
Q 0
P(t )
f = 0.297 f = 0.304
Q=83 Q=87
4 240
5 700 102
6 2000
7 6000
101
3 4 5 6 7
Number of layers
nrod 3.4
r 0.18a
nrod 3.4
r 0.18a
Odd Even 1
2.65
r 0.3a
Computational cell
Odd
L = 2a,3a,4a, … L
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Coupled Resonator Optical
Waveguide
Odd Mode
L=2
PML
Bloch Bloch
BC BC
Symmetry
BC
Computational cell
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Coupled Resonator Optical
Waveguide
Even Mode
L=2
PML
Bloch Bloch
BC BC
Symmetry
BC
Computational cell
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
Slab Photonic Crystals
3D slab photonic crystal slabs:
Confinement in the plane of slab (x-y) by PBG
Confinement perpendicular to slab (z) by TIR
Even mode
Odd mode
© Copyright 2005 1st Workshop on Photonic Crystals
Sharif University of Technology Mashad, Iran, September 2005
TM Slab Modes
For a simple slab waveguide mode profiles are as
below
Even mode
Odd mode
nsi 3.5
r 0.4a
d 0.55a
nsi 3.5
r 0.4a
d 0.55a
A B
Triangular Lattice
Slab Photonic
Crystal Waveguide
Excellent agreement
between 3D and
2D Effective Index
methods
Excellent agreement
between 3D and
2D Effective Index
methods
…