Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering

NATURE CONSERVATION
BFC 10202
CHAPTER 6: Responsibility in
Maintaining Environment
Responsibility in Maintaining
Environment
Subtopics:
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to nature
conservation
2. Conservation and Political Issues
3. Conservation and Economic Issues
4. Environmental education / education for
sustainable development
5. Environmental ethics
 Chapter Objectives

 To realize the responsibility of human as

Khalifah
 To believe in Him
 To take care of His creation
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation

 Local, national and global legislation

 Status and impact
 Problems
 Examples
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation.. Cont.

Local legislation (Malaysia)

 Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000

 A law for the regulation of biological research
on the natural resources
 i.e. a legal framework pertaining to the
conservation and sustainable utilization of
biodiversity of the State.
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation.. Cont.

National legislation (Malaysia)

 The National Forest Policy 1978 (revised in 1992)

 Applicable to Peninsular Malaysia.
 Provides the classification of forests as protective,
productive and amenity forests.
 Provides guidelines for the management of
remaining forest resources.
 Forest harvesting is carried out in the production
forest and state land forest.
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation.. Cont.

National legislation (Malaysia).. Cont.

 National Land Code 1965

 Makes provisions to set aside potential
protected areas as wildlife reserve or national
park.
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation.. Cont.

 National (Europe UK)

 Wild Bird Directive 1979
 to preserve the diversity of life - birds, other animals,
plants and their habitats - as value of its own, and
for our children and future generations. Credits: S
Benko (http://www.birdlife.org/eu/EU_policy/Birds_Habit
ats_Directives/index.html)
 )
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation.. Cont.
Global legislation / policy
 2000 - IUCN Policy statement on
Sustainable use of wild living resources
 IUCN's stated vision is "a just world that values
and conserves nature".
 Its mission is to "influence, encourage and assist
societies throughout the world to conserve nature
and to ensure that any use of natural resources is
equitable and ecologically sustainable"
 to use wild resources in sustainable manner
 2. Nature conservation & Political
Issues

 Local, national and global levels

 Political will in support of conservation
 Examples
 Impact to conservation
 Eg. : BBEC Bornean Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Conservation
 Eg. RAMSAR Convention
2 : Examples

 Local : Local government, JKKK :

conservation eg. Campaign to clean
rivers, beautify village
 National : Environmental Days, Water
day
 International : Biodiversity day
2 : Funding

 To run programmes need funding

 Funding must be allocated by
government (political will is needed)
 Private sectors also helps eg CSR
Corporate Social Responsibilities, eg
HSBC, Petronas, Shell
 NGOs eg : WWF, Malaysian Nature
Society
2 : Legislation

 Government need to pass bills to enact

specific legislation
 Environmental Quality Act 1974
 Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000
 Sarawak Biodiversity Enactment 1998
 Malaysian Biological Diversity Policy
1998
2 : Impact to conservation

 Need for coordination to give good

impact and lasting impact
 To work together – people, government,
NGOs, Private sectors

 Ecosystems and species protected

 Malaysia will remain rich
2. Examples

 BBEC : Bornean Biodiversity and

Ecosystem Conservation programme) –
 a trilateral coperation between Federal
GOM (UMS), Sabah State Gov and
Japanese International Coperation
Agenci (JICA)
 to safe biodiversity and ecosystem of
Sabah
 2002-2007 (I) 2007-2012 (II)
3. Nature conservation & Economic
Issues

 Local, national and global levels

 Mechanisms available for funding
conservation efforts
 Sustainability of conservation requires
tangible benefits derived from conservation
– principle of conservation (rehabilitation,
protection & sustainable use)
 Status of biodiversity economy e.g. plants
(food, timber, medicine, oxygen supplier, C
sink etc)
3 : levels

 Local eg : Air itu kehidupan – JPS (2009)

(uses of water); Protected areas – eg Gn
Mulu, Gn Kinabalu (tourism); Heart of
Borneo (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei
agree to conserve highlands and
mountains of Borneo –
3 : mechanism available for
funding
 and do green economy to generate income
include carbon trading, tourism, Non-timber
forest products)
 CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities),
goverment (ministries of Min of Natural
Resources and The Environment, MOSTI,
KETTHA), World Bank (Global Environmental
facilities – GEF), Companies from different
countries eg New England (USA) Power
Company – give funding to Yayasan sabah to
plant trees in Danum Valley,
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development

 Definitions and Concept

 Why education is important in
conservation?
 Involvement and Participation of local
people in conservation
 Examples
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.

Definitions of EE:
"... the process of recognizing values and clarifying
concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes
necessary to understand and appreciate the
interrelatedness among men, his culture and his
biophysical surroundings. EE also entails practice in
decision-making and self-formulation of a code of
behaviour about issues concerning environmental
quality.” International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN; 1971)
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.

Definitions of EE…cont. :
“Environmental education is a learning process that
increases people's knowledge and awareness about
the environment and associated challenges, develops
the necessary skills and expertise to address the
challenges, and fosters attitudes, motivations, and
commitments to make informed decisions and take
responsible action” (UNESCO, Tbilisi Declaration,
1978).
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.

Definitions of EE…cont. :
“Environmental education (EE) refers to
organized efforts to teach about how natural
environments function and, particularly, how
human beings can manage their behavior
and ecosystems in order to live sustainably.”
(http://wikipedia.org)
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.

Examples of learning objectives for EE:

1. To change learners’ attitude towards the
environment and nature from “indifferent” to
“very concerned”
2. To promote the understanding of the function
of nature
3. To increase knowledge of the basic natural
principles
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.

Examples of learning objectives for EE (cont.):

4. To enhance holistic approaches in learning
about environmental condition and problems
5. To enhance multidisciplinary approaches
about environmental condition and problems
6. To enhance interdisciplinary approaches
about environmental condition and problems
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.

Examples of learning objectives for EE (cont.):

7. To encourage problem-oriented methods of
teaching and learning
8. To encourage concrete projects in EE
9. To reveals man complete dependence on
nature
10. To consider the role of our environment in
society
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.

Teaching methodologies & techniques for EE:

1. Activity based learning / teaching
2. Field trips or excursions
3. Scientific experiments
4. Group investigation or group work
5. Problems solving
6. Discussion
7. Using resources for enquiry learning
8. Evaluation of EE programme
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.
Teaching methodologies & techniques for EE:
 Activity based learning / teaching
 Activities deals with several senses – touch, smell,
vision, thinking – produce more effective results
 Field trips or excursions
 Bringing people out of classroom create sense of fun
and adventure, make people feel involved with
nature will results in deeper sense of achievement

Pictures
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.
Teaching methodologies & techniques for EE:
 Scientific experiments
 When people do experiment they think and work
hard and become creative resulting in effective way
to getting the sense of importance to care for
environment
 Group investigation or group work
 People like working to getting and feeling involved of
evaluation must be done

Pictures
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.
Teaching methodologies & techniques for EE:
 Problems solving
 When they do problem solving activity there is as
sense of achievement and they create feeling of
satisfaction and achievement
 Discussion
 People like to tell what they know/feel and like to
know how people feels and what people know.
Discussion gives them this opportunity and they feel
involved and contributing .
 Using resources for enquiry learning
  When they use natural resources then they
understand the
usefulness/importance/values of the
resources and that create feeling of
appreciation
 Evaluation of EE programme
 To feel satisfied and have evident of
achievement some forms
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.
Involvement and Participation of local people
in conservation……
 Many people of a great variety of cultures and land-
use practices live in or around tropical forests.
 Although these people are all in some way dependent
on forests, they have little else in common.
 In recent years, however, it has become much harder
for forest-dependent people to use local forests and
their products, owing to deforestation, logging,
population pressure or legal initiatives such as the
declaration of state forests, national parks or wildlife
reserves.
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.
Involvement and Participation of local people
in conservation… cont.
 In many countries, plans to protect forest ecosystems
have failed to address the needs and knowledge of
local forest-dependent communities (Anan 1996; Wily
1997; Tuxill & Nabhan 1998; Kumar 2000).
 Therefore, participation by local people is
essential to any conservation effort.
(http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC648E/ac648e0i.htm)
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.
Involvement and Participation of local people
in conservation… cont.
 Questions on involvement & participation.
 Who will be affected by conservation activities?
 What are their interests?
 Who has a right to participate?
 How do different stakeholders affect the conservation area?
4. Environmental education / education
for sustainable development… cont.
Involvement and Participation of local people
in conservation… cont.
 Example on involvements & participations.
 5. Environmental ethics

 Definition of Environmental Ethics:

 A set of principles, values or norms related to how
an individual or a group of individuals interact with
the environment
 Attitude of Malaysians towards the natural
environment has been influenced by a
combination of traditional belief and secular
principles
 In Malaysia the values are now established as
legislation
5. Environmental ethics… cont.

Examples: (Global views)

1. Do not spend your capital but the interest
2. You are borrowing from the future generation
3. You are the steward
4. Do what you want others to do unto you
5. Environment can live without man but man
cannot live without the environment
NATURE CONSERVATION
THE EARTH IS BORROWED TO US, WOULD WE
RETURN IT DAMAGED AND USELESS??....

Heal The World

Make It A Better Place
For You And For Me
And The Entire Human Race
There Are People Dying
If You Care Enough
For The Living
Make A Better Place
For You And For Me
(Micheal Jackson)