Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment
Introduction
EIA process took off after the mid 1980’s, after World Bank adopted
EIA for major development projects, in which borrower country had to
undertake the EIA under the Bank’s supervision.
• Mining
• Thermal power plants
• River valley
• Infrastructure (road, highways, ports, harbors, and airports)
• Industries including very small electroplating in foundry units.
Steps in EIA
Screening
Scoping
Impact Analysis
Mitigation
Reporting
Review of EIA
Decision making
Post monitoring
Proposal
identification
Initial
Scoping environmental
examination
Impact analysis
Mitigation
and impact
management
Implementation
&
Post monitoring
Step 1: Screening
Screening Outcomes:
Full or comprehensive EIA required
Limited EIA required
No EIA required
Tools for Screening
Project lists:
• Inclusive — listed projects must undergo EIA
• Exclusive — listed projects exempted from EIA
Case-by-case examinations:
• determine whether projects may have
significant environmental effects
• if so, project should undergo EIA
Combination of above
Screening Process
Mandatory EIA
Inclusive threshold
Case-‐by-‐case
consideration of
requirement for Indicative threshold
EIA
Exclusivethreshold
EIA ruled out
Step 2: Scoping
Outcome:
identifies key issues and impacts to be considered
lays the foundation of an effective process, saves time
and money, and reduces conflict
The scoping process
checklists
matrices
networks
overlays and geographical information systems (GIS)
expert systems
professional judgement
Step 4: Impact Mitigation
Common(desirable)
Alternative sitesor
Avoidance technology to
eliminate habitatloss
Actions during
design, constructionand
Mitigation operation to minimise
or eliminate habitat
loss