ANSWERING TECHNIC

OBJECTIVE

ALYZA BINTI AWANG

 CHEMISTRY
4541/2
PAPER 2

Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.

 OBJECTIVE
DISCUSS a few aspects
including ‘ the needs of a
question and finding the key
words for answering this
question’
 EXAM FORMAT FOR SPM
CHEMISTRY PAPERS

PAPER PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3

(4541/1) (4541/2) (4541/3)
Item Objective question Structured ques: Structured
Multiple choice & Section A question &
Multiple Limited response
combination
open
ques:
response
Section B
question
Open response ques:
Section C
 PAPER PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
(4541/1) (4541/2) (4541/3)
Number 50 Section A 1-2 questions
of (Answer all) 6 questions (answer all)
question (answer all) Design and
Section B planning the
2 questions experiment
(choose one) 1 question
(compulsory)
Section C
2 questions
(choose one)
PAPER PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
(4541/1) (4541/2) (4541/3)

Total 50 100 50
marks
 PAPER PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
(4541/1) (4541/2) (4541/3)

Ways to Marked on Written in the Written in

response OMR form space provided the space
in the question provided in
paper the question
paper

Duration 1 hour 15 2 hour 30 1 hour 30

of time minutes minutes minutes
 PAPER PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
(4541/1) (454/2) (4541/3)

Construct Knowledge: Science

Knowledge : 14% process
20 questions
Understanding:21%
Understanding: skills:
Application : 29%
15 questions Analysing : 21 %
13 science
Application: Synthesising : 15% process skills
20 questions
Analysis of the SPM Chemistry Paper 2 (2002-2009)

CHAPTER YEAR
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2.The Structure of S-1 S-1 S-1/2 S-1 E-1
the Atom
3.Chemical S-1 S-1
formulae
4. Periodic Table of 1 S-1 S-1 S-1 S-1 S-
elements 1/2
E-1 E-2
5. Chemical Bonds E-1 E-1 E-1/2 S-1 S-
1/2
6.Electrochemistry 1 E-1 S-1 S-1/2 E-1/2 E-1
E-1
7. Acids and Bases S-1 S-1 E-
1/2
8. Salts E-1 S-1 S-1 S-1/2 E-1 E-
E-1 1/2

9. Manufactured 1 S-1 E-1 1 S-1 S-1

substances in
industry
Analysis of the SPM Chemistry Paper 2 (2002-2009

CHAPTER YEAR
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

10. Rate of 1 E-1 E-1 S- S-1

Reaction 1/2
S-1
11. Carbon 1 S-1 S-1 E-1 S-1
Compounds E-1 E-1

12. Oxidation And 1 S-1 E-1 E-1 S-1 E-1

Reduction

13. 1 S-1 S-1 S-1 E-1 S-1

Thermochemistry S-1

14. Chemical for 1 E-1 S-1 S-1 S-1 S-1

Consumer
Knowledge Question

1. Which of the following is an unsaturated

hydrocarbon?
A. Alkene B. Alcohol
C. Alkane D. Carboxylic acid

√-A
2.


 Process x

Which of the following is process X?

A Melting B Boiling
C Freezing D Condensation

√ B
Understanding Question

1 mol of oxygen and 1 mol of carbon dioxide have

(Relatif atomic mass of C = 12 and O= 16)
A. the same mass
B. the same number of electrons
C. the same number of atoms
D. the number of molecules
√ D – Oxygen and carbon dioxide exists as an O2
and CO2 molecule .
Understanding Question

Which of the following is the function of an

analgesic?

A. to calm down the emotion of the patient

B. to treat asthma
C. to relieve pain
D. to destroy bacteria
√ C
 Application Question
14 12

X Y
6 6

Symbols of elements X and Y above show that atom X and Y

I are different elements in the same group
II are different elements in the same period
III are isotopes
IV have the same number of neutrons
A I only B III only
C I and IV only D I, III and IV only
√ B –X and Y have the same number of protons and are
of the same element. Because X and Y have different
number of neutrons, X and Y are isotopes
ENTER
Spelling must be correct

ENTER
i. Name the substance /element / particles /
oxides formed …
(Magnesium , oxide ion , Magnesium oxide)
ii. Name the process occur
(boiling)
iii. Name the type of particles
(atom, ion, molecule)

iv. Name the state of matter at ……

(solid, liquid, gas)
(a) What is the name of this process?
Contact process

(b) State the name of catalyst X.

Vanadium (v) oxide
© (i

2S2O7 (x)
 Palm oil + Sodium hydroxide  Substance X + Soap
(SPM 2007)

a) What is the name of this process?

Saponification
(b) State the name of substance X.
Glyserol

Name the ions in copper (II) sulphate solution

(SPM 2005)

i. Cu+2 , H+ , SO42- , OH-

ii. Copper ions , hydrogen ion
Sulphate ion , Hydroxide ion
iii. Copper (II) ions , hydrogen ion
Sulphate ion , Hydroxide ion
Give only short answers but
accurate. No explanation

ENTER
Compound Melting Point Boiling Point Solubility in Solubility in
(0 C) (0 C) water organic
compound
U 800 1420 soluble Insoluble
V -95 86 Insoluble Soluble
SPM 2010

(i) State the physical state of the following

compounds at room temperature

U : Solid
V : Liquid

(ii) State the type of compound for u

Ionic compound
Give only short answers but
accurate. No explanation

ENTER
What is the meaning of melting point.

The constant temperature at

which a solid changes into
liquid at a particular presure.

ENTER
 What is the meaning of empirical formula? Spm 2007

The chemical formula which shows the simplest

ratio of atoms of the elements present in a
compound

State the meaning of alloy . spm 2009

A mixture two or more elements in a

fixed composition where the main
element is a metal

ENTER
 4 WRITE THE FORMULAE

(a) Write the formula for potassium sulphate

K2SO4
KSO4
Ca2SO4
(a) Write the formula for sodium sulphate
Na2SO4
1. H2O / H2O / H2o

2. NaCl / NaCL / NaCl

3. Ca+2 + Cl- CaCl2

 EQUATIONS
•Chemical equations
•Ionic equations
Na (s) + H2O (s) NaOH (s) + H2 (s)

•Mark 1 – correct formula for reactant and product

•Second mark – balance the equation
 •Ionic equation

Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu

2Fe2+ + Cl2 2Fe3+ + 2Cl-

Br2 + 2l- 2Br- + 2I

 •½ equation

Cu2+ + 2e Cu

4OH- - 4e 2H2O + O2

4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4e
Electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution

Write the ½ equation for the reaction occurs at

cathode?

2H+ + 2e H2
Anode Cathode

- Cl-
OH

Na + H+

Aqueous NaCl
Are you sleeping?

Are you learning?

The result of an act

“Seeing” and “listening” are key to

observation The state
The sound
The colour
COLOUR
 The blue solution
 The grey shining surface
 The brown solid
 The colourless solution (water)
Observe colour
changes of salt

Observe water vapor

liberated

Observe the gases

liberated

The gas liberated turns the lime water chalky

(White precipitate form)
The residue formed is brown solid when it is
hot and yellow when cold.
Moves slowly on water surface.
Burns with a red flame.
A colourless solution is obtained
which turns red litmus blue.

Burn very vigorously with

brilliant purple flame
 Cathode
Anode

Carbon
Electrode

Copper (II) Sulphate

What will happen to the colour of the solution
electrolyte?

The blue colour of copper (II) Sulphate solution

turn to colourless

* Colourless
TIPS 5

Correct term
 spelling
You are required to elaborate
and reason out on the way
and how the process is

ENTER
State which is more electronegative, sodium or chlorine.
Explain your answer spm 2010

Chlorine, because it is place in group 17

Chlorine because the strong nucleus atraction

on the valance electrons
Sodium will donate one electron to achieve
stable octet electron arrangements and form
Sodium ion

Chlorine atom accept one electron from the

sodium atom to achieve stable octet electron
arrangements and form Chlorine ion
 + -

Na atom
Cl atom Na ion
Cl ion

The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl)

Sodium atom donate one electron to achieve stable

octet electron arrangements.

Chlorine atom accept one electron from the sodium

atom to achieve stable octet electron arrangements.

Then, the ions are held together by the attraction of

opposite charges.
DIAGRAM GRAPH
cork •Identify the horizontal
shade •Write the variables with
the correct units
Heating process
•Plot all the points with
delivery tube the specified range of
 apparatus values
support •Draw a smooth graph
Function and it passes through all
LABEL the points
Energy level diagram

Energy
Ag+ + Cl-

∆H= -

AgCl
 _

Y
Lead (II) bromide
Carbon electrod
 8.Calculate

The answers must be inclusive

with the calculation and a correct
unit
TIPS 8

CHEMICALTEST
PROCEDURE
 MATERIALS
 OBSERVATION
TIPS 9

CALCULATION
 STEPS

RIGHT UNIT
2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO +4NO2 + O2

If 3.7 g of magnesium nitrate is completely decomposed,

calculate
i. the mass of the residue formed
2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO
Number of moles of magnesium nitrate = 3.7
(24+(14+16x3)x2)
= 0.025 mol
Number of moles of magnesium oxide = 0.025 mol
Mass of magnesium oxide = 0.025x 40g
=1g
TIPS 10

STATEMENT
 COMPLETE
 CONCEPT
SIMPLE LANGUAGE
UMUM
NOT SPECIFICT
Why is a polystyrene cup used in the
experiment ? ( Heat of precipitate)

To reduce the heat loss to the surroundings

To prevent the heat loss to the surroundings

 Graf
 Paksi-paksinya mesti berlabel dengan betul dan berunit seperti
dalam jadual

 Melukis graf
- di atas kertas graf
- Skala yang sesuai digunakan
- lebih daripada setengah muka surat digunakan.(75 %)
- Titik-titik diplotkan dengan betul
- Garis melalui atau hampir dengan semua titik
- Licin
- Paksi dilabel

 Melakar graf
- tak perlu gunakan kertas graf
- lakarkan bentuk graf yang betul dan ciri- ciri graf yang penting.

 Kalau paksi-paksi yang sama digunakan untuk melukis dua graf,

kedua-dua graf mesti dilabel atau dapat dibezakan.
Kelarutan garam dalam air

- Semua garam nitrat larut

- Semua garam K, Na, NH4 larut
- Semua garam Karbonat X kecuali
K, Na, NH4
- Semua garam klorida larut kecuali
Pb, Ag, Hg
- Semua garam Sulfat larut
KEFAHAMAN DALAM KIMIA

Apakah nama bagi sebatian di atas

Mengapa penggunaan detergen sebagai bahan pencuci lebih

baik dari sabun

No. atom unsur X16, di manakah letaknya unsur X dalam Jadual

Berkala Unsur
KEMAHIRAN MENGAPLIKASI

Barapakah kepekatan asid sulfurik yang perlu

digunakan jika 10 cm3 asid itu dapat
meneutralkan 0.02 mol natrium hidroksida
Susunan e E 2.4, F 2.6 – Lukiskan susunan
elektron dalam sebatian terbentuk
Antara berikut yang manakah formula bagi
sebatian tak tepu
KEMAHIRAN MENGANALISIS

Anda dibekalkan dengan asid hidroklorik dan

natrium hidroksida . Huraikan bagaimana anda
dapat menguji kehadiran ion zink
KEMAHIRAN MENSINTESIS

Susunan e bagi Z,2.8.2 Q,2.8.6 R, 2.8.7.

Terangkan dari segi susunan elektron
bagaimana sebatian dari R dan Z terbentuk
Lukis gambar rajah susunan elektron dalam
sebatian terbentuk
Huraikan bagaimana anda dapat menjalankan
eksperimen untuk menukarkan etena kepada
etanol
TIPS 4

WARNA

SATU WARNA
BUKAN BANDINGAN
TAMBAHAN SIFAT
WARNA AIR
TIPS 6

GAMBAR RAJAH
GABUS
LOREK
PEMANASAN
SALUR
RADAS
SOKONGAN
BERFUNGSI
LABEL
TIPS 7

PEMERHATIAN
WARNA
KEADAAN
PERUBAHAN
BUKAN NAMA
TIPS 8

UJIAN
KAEDAH
NAMA BAHAN
 PEMERHATIAN
TIPS 9

PENGIRAAN
LANGKAH

UNIT
TIPS 10

KENYATAAN
LENGKAP
KONSEP
BAHASA
UMUM
TAK TEPAT
Jenis soalan:
 Namakan - beri jawapan dalam bentuk nama (sesuatu
bahan atau hasil tindak balas)
 Nyatakan - tulis jawapan terus
 Memberi maksud – beri maksud sesuatu istilah dengan
tepat.
 Terangkan - nyatakan dengan memberi sebab
 Huraikan - memberi jawapan dengan sistematik( m.s
langkah-langkah eksperimen)
 Kirakan - memberi jawapan berangka dengan langkah-
langkah penghitungan
 Bandingkan – memberi kesamaan dan perbezaan antara
keuda-dua yang dibandingkan itu.
 Ramalkan – berdasarkan pengetahuan yang sedia ada,
buat ramalan tentang apa yang dikehendaki oleh soalan.
 Bincangkan – menerangkan dan menghuraikan semua
aspek yang berkaitan dengan pokok soalan
Ujian Kimia

 Huraikan kaedah secara ringkas

( tambahkan, campurkan, titikkan, alirkan, bawakan)
 Beri bahan uji yang digunakan dan keadaannya : kayu uji
berbara, kayu uji menyala, larutan kalium manganat(VII)
berasid.
 Nyatakan pemerhatian yang betul
Cara menulis pemerhatian

 Pepejal (mendakan / enapan) dihasilkan - mesti

nyatakan warna
( larut atau tidak dalam berlebihan larutan natrium
hidroksida atau ammonia)
 Gelembung gas atau gas dengan menyatakan warna
gas kalau ada
 Perubahan warna - dari (warna asal) ke (warna akhir)
Menulis persamaan

 Bezakan jenis persamaan yang dikehendaki oleh soalan -

persamaan kimia, persamaan ion , persamaan untuk
setengah tindak balas atau persamaan termokimia
 Semua persamaan mesti seimbang (persamaan ion mesti
seimbang juga dari segi cas)
 Tak perlu tunjukkan keadaan fizik ( kalau tunjukkan,
semua mesti betul)
 Nombor yang digunakan untuk mengimbangkan
persamaan tak perlu nombor bulat
 Elakkan kesilapan menulis persamaan apabila
dikehendaki formula
Gambarajah

 mesti berfungsi ( * )
 mesti berlabel - radas yang penting dan semua
bahan yang digunakan
 Larutan - permukaan diwakili oleh garis lurus,
kandungan diwakili oleh garis terputus / titik
 Gabus - sebahagian diluar mulut tabung ( tabung
uji / didih / pembakaran )
 Arah pengaliran air dalam Kondensar Leidbig -
dalam penyulingan dan dalam proses refluks
adalah berlainan
 Salur getah ( atau kaca ) tidak mencecah
takung/melebihi paras air
 sokongan
SOALAN STRUKTUR

Jawab semua soalan

Baca soalan dengan teliti- tandakan kehendak
soalan
Jawab yang ditanya
Terus tulis jawapan- jangan ulang soalan
Guna 10 tips
Soalan Esei ( Eksp )
 boleh dijawab dalam bentuk point, asalkan
maksud penting dan istilah-istilah yang tepat ada
digunakan

menghuraikan eksperimen
- Senarai radas
- Senarai bahan kimia
- Kemahiran merangka eksperimen
- langkah -langkah kerja mengikut
turutan yang betul.
- kuantiti bahan mesti dinyatakan :
pepejal - 5g, satu spatula
larutan - 50 cm3, 2 mol dm-3
- nyatakan keputusan/pemerhatian
TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN
STRUKTUR

– BACA SOALAN
– STUDY GAMBAR RAJAH/JADUAL
– GARIS FAKTA/ DATA
– JAWAB
 JANGAN ULANG SOALAN
 BERI YANG DIMINTA
 POINT IKUT MARKAH
 IKUT TIPS
 JANGAN LEBIH