Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIT – II
Lecture - 1
SOLID WASTE
• Solid in state (may also be liquid or gaseous
but stored/contained in a container)
• The refused material which has no further use
• Waste can be characterized on the basis of
1. TYPE OF WASTE
2. SOURCE OF WASTE
3. QUANTITY OF WASTE
4. COMPOSITION OF WASTE
BASED ON TYPE OF WASTE
• Discard: Can be used after treatment (Plastic
and glass bottles, newspaper, metal)
• Garbage: biodegradable fraction (food waste)
• Rubbish: waste excluding garbage
• Trash: Inert fraction of waste (glass/metal)
• Combustibles: waste which can be burnt easily
(paper, packaging material, wood etc.)
SOURCE OF WASTE
• Domestic (food waste, ash, earth, paper, polythene)
• Commercial (paper, polythene, packaging material, glass, metal)
• Agricultural (plant based waste)
• Industrial (sludge, ash, slag etc.)
• Construction & Demolition (masonry, sand etc.)
• Automobile (discarded vehicles)
QUANTITY OF WASTE
COMPOSITION OF WASTE
• Material Flow Methodology
• Direct Field study
1. Collect samples from source
2. Collect samples from treatment facility
• Samples should be representative; sufficient in
number; and precise
• ASTM D 5231: defined protocol for sample collection
• Composite sampling; Coning and Quartering; Grab
sampling; Column sampling are different types of
sampling methods
ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS