m





 
 m








 m
m
 


 

 
The History of Communication dates back to
the earliest signs of life
Human communication was revolutionized with
speech about 200,000 years ago
Symbols were developed about 30,000 years
ago, and writing about 7,000
There have been major developments in the
methods & instruments of communication over
the past centuries
 



volution of the brain differentiated humans
from animals. it allowed humans to master a
very efficient form of communication ± speech,
which was first used by Homo Sapiens
Speech meant easier coordination and
cooperation, technological progress and
development of complex, abstract concepts
such as religion or science
Speech placed humans at the top of the food
chain, and facilitated human colonization of the
entire planet
 @ 


Speech, however, is not perfect. The human
voice carries only so far, and sign language is
also rather limited in terms of distance
Further, all such forms of communications
relied on human memory which can become
corrupted or lost over time, and there is a limit
to how much one can remember
With the accidental death of a 'wise man' or
tribal elder, a pre-
pre-literate tribe could result in
loss of many generations of knowledge.
 

 
 

The imperfection of speech eventually resulted
in the creation of new forms of communications,
improving both the range at which people could
communicate and the longevity of the info.
All of those inventions were based on the key
concept of the symbol: a conventional
representation of a concept
Cave Paintings, Petroglyphs, Pictograms,
Ideograms, Written Alphabets are some of the
forms of symbols
  
m
The oldest known symbols created with the
purpose of communication are Cave Paintings
Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on
cave or rock walls and ceilings.
The most common themes in cave paintings
were large wild animals, such as bison, horses,
aurochs, and deer, and tracings of human
hands
The oldest known cave painting is that of the
Chauvet Cave, dating to around 30,000 BC.

m
 ! m
 

Petroglyphs were images carved into a rock
It took about 20,000 years for homo sapiens to
move from cave paintings to petroglyphs, which
are dated to around 10,000 BC.
These images probably had deep cultural and
religious significance for the societies that
created them
Tribal societies continued using them for much
longer, even until contact with Western culture
was made in the 20th century
m
 

 ë m  
A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol which
represents a concept or event by illustration.
Pictography is a form of proto-
proto-writing whereby
ideas are transmitted through drawing
Difference between petroglyphs and pictograms
is that petroglyphs are simply showing an
event, but pictograms tells a story about that
event
Pictograms were used by various ancient
cultures since around 7000 to 9000 BC
m  
 4 !
  
An Ideogram or is a graphical symbol which
represents an idea
A pictogram of a circle could represent a sun,
but not concepts like 'heat', 'light' and 'day' .
Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey
more abstract concepts
For example an ideogram of two sticks can
mean not only 'legs' but also a verb 'to walk¶
Ideograms were very much similar to writing
system of Chinese characters
!
  
 ( " 


The history of Alphabet starts in ancient gypt
The first pure alphabets emerged around 2000
BC in Ancient gypt, called µHieroglyphics¶
which was a picture language
Over the next five centuries subsequent
alphabets around the world were inspired by
gyptian Hieroglyphics
The Greek alphabet is the source for all the
modern scripts of urope
Communication became much more easy with
the help of written alphabets
" 


  
 
#
History of the Books starts in Medieval urope
with Illuminated Manuscripts, in which the text
is supplemented by decorated initials & borders
arlier Manuscripts were written on Papyrus
scrolls
As Medieval urope went through Renaisance,
books could be mass produced & became
popular form of visual communication with the
help of a new technology: Printing Press
! 
$ 
  


A 

is a publication containing news,
information, and advertising. General-interest
newspapers often feature articles on political
events, crime, business, art/entertainment,
society and sports
Newspapers are most often published on a
daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus on
one particular geographic area where most of
their readers live
Newspaper printing began in 17th centuary
 Ö 


Television is a widely used telecommunication
medium for transmitting and receiving moving
images
Commercially available since the late 1930s,
the television set has become a common
communications receiver in homes, businesses
and institutions, particularly as a source of
entertainment and news
First television broadcast was made available in
London in 1936
 

%

 
 %
 
The history of Distance Communication - the
transmission of signals over a distance for the
purpose of communication - began thousands
of years ago
Primitive methods for distance communication
were smoke signals and Talking Drums
From there, today world has entered into the
era of Telecommunication And Computer
Networking
   #

The smoke signal is one of the oldest forms of
distance communication in recorded history
In Ancient China, soldiers stationed along the
Great Wall would alert each other of impending
enemy attack by using smoke signals
The North American tribes also communicated
via smoke signal. ach tribe had their own
signaling system and understanding
In general smoke signals were used to transmit
news, signal danger, or gather people to a
common area
 #

 ! #%  
The talking drum is a drum whose pitch can be
regulated to the extent that it is said the drum
µtalks¶ and can be used for drum communication
In Africa, New Guinea and the tropical America,
people used drum telegraphy for centuries
The traditional drumming found in Africa is
actually of three different types. Firstly, a
rhythm can represent an idea (or signal).
Secondly it can repeat the profile of a spoken
utterance or thirdly it can simply be subject to
musical laws.
#%  
 ë 
 
A Heliograph is a wireless solar telegraph that
signals using flashes of sunlight reflected by a
mirror
The heliograph was highly effective instrument
for optical communication over 50 km or more.
Its major uses were military, survey and forest
protection work
The first recorded use of the heliograph was in
405 BC, when Greeks used polished shields to
signal in battle and it was used by the Pakistani
army as late as 1975

 
 4 $


m

The gyptians and the Persians first used
messenger pigeons 3,000 years ago
Messenger pigeons were used as early as 1150
in Baghdad and also later by Genghis Khan
When a message is written on paper and rolled
into a small tube attached to the bird's leg; that
is called pigeon post
In India, Tipu Sultan used them during wars
Messenger Pigeons played important role in
world war I and II by delivering secret
massages
 ( @ 
Signal lamp is a signaling device for optical
communication. It is essentially a focused lamp
which can produce a pulse of light
Signal lamps were pioneered by the British
Royal Navy in the late 19th century, and they
still provide secure communication between
naval vessels during periods of radio silence
In air traffic control towers, signal lamps are still
used today, as a backup device in case of a
complete failure of an aircraft's radio
@ 
  

 
A telegraph is a device for transmitting and
receiving written messages over long distances
without physical transport of letters
A telegraph message sent by an electrical
telegraph operator using Morse code, or a
printing telegraph operator using plain text was
known as a telegram or cablegram
Before telephone services were available or
affordable, telegram services the only way to
convey information speedily over long distance
The first commercial electrical telegraph was
constructed in ngland


 &

'
(
  



The telephone is a telecommunications device
that transmits and receives sound, most
commonly the human voice
Credit for the invention of the electric telephone
goes to Alexander Graham Bell who was first to
be awarded a patent for the electric telephone
by the United States Government
Today, Internet Protocol (IP) telephony (also
known as Voice over Internet Protocol, VoIP), is
rapidly gaining popularity against traditional
telephone



&

'
(
 Ö )
Radio is used for transmission of signals by
modulation of electromagnetic waves with
frequencies below those of visible spectrum
The meaning and usage of the word "radio"
has developed in parallel with developments
within the field and can be seen to have three
distinct phases: electromagnetic waves and
experimentation; wireless communication and
technical development; and radio broadcasting
and commercialization
)&

'
(
 ã !


The Internet is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks of local to
global scope that are interlinked
It supports popular services such as online
chat, e-mails, file transfer and file sharing,
gaming, social networking, publishing, video on
demand, and teleconferencing etc.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications
allow person-to-person communication via
voice and video
!


  









*



  





! 

 


 
   

m

   #

!

*
 



 




 


 

 
+, 
-