Diateza pasiva

(passive voice)
-prezentare -
formare

 Fiecare timp are o schema de formare la diateza

activa (vezi schemele de la timpurile verbale) si o
schema de formare la diateza pasiva, ce vor fi
prezentate mai jos.
 In diateza activa subiectul este cel care face
actiunea.(ex.:Mama uda florile).
 In diateza pasiva actiunea se rasfrange asupra
subiectului.(ex. Florile sunt udate de mama).
observatii

 La absolut toate timpurile verbul este la forma a treia

(cel neregulat) sau cu terminatia “-ed” (cel regulat).
Ce se schimba pentru fiecare timp este ceea ce
exista intre subiect si verb.
 In limba romana exista cel putin 2 modalitati de a
exprima o actiune la diateza pasiva (se va ilustra la
exemple). In limba engleza se respecta doar schema
timpului respectiv.
Simboluri:
 Verb forma a treia sau cu terminatia
“-ed”=> V(III)/ V(-ed)
Present Simple

 Afirmativ: S + am/is/are + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ : S + am/is/are + not+ V(III)/ V(-ed)..
 Interogativ: am/is/are + S + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?
Ex.:
Lectia este scrisa zilnic./ Se scrie lectia zilnic.
The lesson is written daily.
Vasele nu sunt spalate in fiecare seara./ Nu se spala
vasele in fiecare seara.
The dishes aren’t washed every evening.
Present Continuous

 Afirmativ: S + am/is/are + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S+ am/is/are + not + being + V(III)/
V(-ed)…
 Interogativ: am/is/are + S + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?

Ex.:
Lectia este scrisa acum./ Se scrie lectia acum.
The lesson is being written now.
Vasele nu sunt spalate acum./ Nu se spala vasele acum.
The dishes are not being washed now.
Past Simple

 Afirmativ: S + was/were + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + was/were + not + V(III)/ V(-ed)…
 Interogativ: Was/were + S + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?

Ex.:
Lectia a fost scrisa ieri./ S-a scris lectia ieri.
The lesson was written yesterday.
Vasele nu au fost spalate acum 2 ore./ Nu s-au spalat
vasele acum 2 ore.
The dishes weren’t washed two hours ago.
Past Continuous

 Afirmativ: S + was/were + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + was/were + not + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…
 Interogativ: Was/were + S + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?

Ex.:
 Lectia era scrisa (Se scria lectia) ieri pe vremea asta.
The lesson was being written at this time yesterday.

 Vasele nu erau spalate (Vasele nu se spalau) ieri pe vremea

asta.
The dishes were not being washed at this time yesterday.
Present Perfect Simple

 Afirmativ: S + have/has + been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + have/has + not + been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…
 Interogativ: Have/has + S + been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?

Ex:
 S-a scris lectia.
 The lesson has been written.
 Nu s-au spalat vasele.
 The dishes haven’t been washed.
Past Perfect Simple

 Afirmativ: S + had+ been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + had + not + been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…
 Interogativ: Had + S + been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?

Ex.:
 Se scrisese lectia inainte de ora 6.
 The lesson had been written by six o’clock.
 Nu se spalasera vasele inainte de ora 6.
 The dishes hadn’t been washed by six o’clock.
Future Simple

 Afirmativ: S + will + be + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + will + not + be + V(III)/V(ed)…
 Interogativ: Will + S + be + V(III)/ V(ed)…?
 Observatie: will + not = won’t

Ex.:
 Se va scrie lectia.
 The lesson will be written.
 Nu se vor spala vasele.
 The dishes won’t be washed.
Future Continuous

 Afirmativ: S + will + be + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + will + not + be + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…
 Interogativ: Will + S + be + being + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?

Ex.:
 Se va scrie lectia maine pe vremea asta.
 The lesson will be being written at this time tomorrow.
 Nu se vor spala vasele maine pe vrema asta.
 The dishes won’t be being washed at this time tomorrow.
Future Perfect

 Afirmativ: S + will + have + been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + will + not +have + been + V(III)/V(-ed)…
 Interogativ: Will + S + have+ been + V(III)/ V(-ed)…?

Ex.:
 Se va scrie lectia pana la ora 7.
 The lesson will have been written by seven c’clock.
 Nu se vor spala vasele pana la ora 7.
 The dishes won’t have been washed by seven
c’clock.
“going to” Future

 Afirmativ: S + am/is/are + going to be + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + am/is/are + not going to be + V(III)/V(ed)…
 Interogativ: am/is/are + S + going to be + V(III)/ V(ed)…?

Ex.:
 Se intentioneaza scrierea lectiei.
 The lesson is going to be written.
 Nu se intentioneaza spalarea vaselor.
 The dishes aren’t going to be washed.
Future-in-the-Past

 Afirmativ: S + would + be + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + would + not + be + V(III)/V(ed)…
 Interogativ: would + S + be + V(III)/ V(ed)…?

Ex.:
 El a intrebat daca se va scrie lectia.
 He asked if the lesson would be written.
 Noi am spus ca nu se vor spala vasele.
 We said that the dishes wouldn’t be washed.
Verbe modale (can, may, must, should
etc.)

 Afirmativ: S + modal + be + V(III)/ V(-ed)…

 Negativ: S + modal + not + be + V(III)/V(ed)…
 Interogativ: modal + S + be + V(III)/ V(ed)…?

Ex.:
 Lectia trebuie scrisa pana la ora 7.
 The lesson must be written by seven c’clock.
 Nu ar trebui sa fie spalate vasele a doua zi.
 The dishes shouldn’t be washed the next day.
 Vasele ar putea fi spalate repede.
 The dishes could be washed quickly.