Vietnam National University, Hanoi

College of Sciences

Optimization of BDF production

from fish oil using central
composite orthogonal design
Organic Laboratory III
Faculty of Chemistry, HUS

May 2010
Contents

Introduction

Experimental

Results
Introduction
 Biodiesel (BDF) show large potential as diesel substitutes due to its
sustainable properties and its low emission of GHS.
 BDF is synthesized by transesterification of vegetable and animal oils.

• Catalytic transesterification have been applied so far

• Acid (H2SO4)
• Alkali (NaOH, KOH)
• Enzymes
Introduction
Purposes:
Produce BDF from fish oil
Apply co-solvent associated with alkali
transesterification method into BDF production.
Employ central composite orthogonal design to
optimize the BDF production
Introduction
Optimization process
screening factors (time, molar ratio oil:methanol, wt%
of KOH, wt% of acetone, temperature) regarding
significance of their effect on response;
obtaining a regression model of second order resulted
from central composite orthogonal model;
optimization of the research subject.
Introduction
Originality
 Use co-solvent method.
 Generate the oil-rich one-phase system.
 Use central composite orthogonal model to design optimized
experiments
 Simultaneously analysis the effect of factors

 an active experiment has a successive property, or, each next

stage is projected and designed based on results of a previous

series of trials;
 From a mathematical point of view, a classical experiment offers

partial effect, while the active one gives the total effect, for with it
all factors are simultaneously varying in the experiment.
Experimental
Chemicals
 Potassium hydroxide KOH
 Acetone
 Methanol
 H3PO4
Equipments:
 HPLC (Shimazu)
Experimental-Procedure
Exp No Exp Name Run Order x1 x2 x3 x4 y

1. Derive a CC matrix 1
2
N1
N2
13
2
5
30
30
30
0.5
0.5
3
3
 x1: time 3
4
N3
N4
21
8
5
30
60
60
0.5
0.5
3
3
 x2:temperature 5
6
N5
N6
1
24
5
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
3
 x3: wt% of KOH 7
8
N7
N8
23
3
5
30
60
60
1.5
1.5
3
3
 x4: molar ratio 9
10
N9
N10
5
19
5
30
30
30
0.5
0.5
6
6
MeOH:oil 11 N11 4 5 60 0.5 6
12 N12 17 30 60 0.5 6
 y: yeild of reaction 13 N13 9 5 30 1.5 6
14 N14 20 30 30 1.5 6
15 N15 10 5 60 1.5 6
16 N16 26 30 60 1.5 6
17 N17 14 -7.5 45 1 4.5
18 N18 11 42.5 45 1 4.5
19 N19 25 17.5 15 1 4.5
20 N20 12 17.5 75 1 4.5
21 N21 18 17.5 45 0 4.5
22 N22 7 17.5 45 2 4.5
23 N23 6 17.5 45 1 1.5
24 N24 22 17.5 45 1 7.5
25 N25 15 17.5 45 1 4.5
26 N26 16 17.5 45 1 4.5
Experimental-Procedure
2. Carry out experiments:
 weighting a specific amount of fish oil and pour into a 250ml
spherical flask A.
 Pipetting a specific volume of acetone into the oil-containing
spherical flask A under a controlled temperature and a stiring
speed of 400rpm.
 Dissolve a specific weigh of KOH in a flask B containing a specific
volume of methanol.
 Rapidly pour the mixture in the flask B into the flask A.
 Wait for a certain amount of time.
 Take 2-3ml of the product and put into a glass tube containing
H2O and 5% H3PO4 solution.
 Analyse the results using HPLC equipment.
Experimental
Data Exp No Exp Name
1 N1
Run Order Incl/Excl
13 Incl
x1
5
x2
30
x3
0.5
x4
3
y
42.14
2 N2 2 Incl 30 30 0.5 3 86.53
3 N3 10 Incl 5 60 0.5 3 87.71
4 N4 25 Incl 30 60 0.5 3 98
5 N5 1 Incl 5 30 1.5 3 82.28
6 N6 12 Incl 30 30 1.5 3 81.79
7 N7 26 Incl 5 60 1.5 3 94.22
8 N8 22 Incl 30 60 1.5 3 98.13
9 N9 5 Incl 5 30 0.5 6 93.22
10 N10 16 Incl 30 30 0.5 6 99.07
11 N11 19 Incl 5 60 0.5 6 96.96
12 N12 6 Incl 30 60 0.5 6 98.54
13 N13 15 Incl 5 30 1.5 6 97.51
14 N14 14 Incl 30 30 1.5 6 100
15 N15 24 Incl 5 60 1.5 6 98.85
16 N16 17 Incl 30 60 1.5 6 100
17 N17 27 Excl -7.5 45 1 4.5
18 N18 4 Incl 42.5 45 1 4.5 99.1
19 N19 21 Incl 17.5 15 1 4.5 98
20 N20 18 Incl 17.5 75 1 4.5 99.37
21 N21 9 Incl 17.5 45 0 4.5 55.86
22 N22 20 Incl 17.5 45 2 4.5 99.84
23 N23 23 Incl 17.5 45 1 1.5 83.72
24 N24 11 Incl 17.5 45 1 7.5 99.95
25 N25 3 Incl 17.5 45 1 4.5 98.78
26 N26 8 Incl 17.5 45 1 4.5 98.4
27 N27 7 Incl 17.5 45 1 4.5 98.01
Results
Thanks for your attention!