Probability - Test

Duration: 45 Minutes

1) Colour brochures produced by a particular printer may be sub quality (defective) because of
Print quality (PQ) or Colour quality (CQ)

The probabilities of these defects are

P (PQ) =0.01 P (CQ) = 0.02 P (PQ ∩ CQ) = 0.007.

a) Find the probability that a brochure has only one defect. (2)

b) A brochure with a colour quality defect is picked. What is the probability that it has a
print defect? (3)

c) Are the defects PQ and CQ are independent? Justify. (2)

2) Students in a class were given two statistics problems to solve, the second of which was
harder than the first. Within the class 5/6 of the students got the first one correct and 7/12
got the second one correct. Of those students who got the first problem correct, 3/5 got the
second one correct. One student is selected at random from the class.

Let A be the event that the student got the first problem correct and B be the event that the
student got the second one correct.

a) Express in words the meaning of A ∩ B and of A U B. (2)

b) Find P(A ∩ B) and P(A U B). (4)

c) Given that the student got the second problem wrong, find the probability that the first
problem was solved correctly. (2)

d) Are the events A and B collectively exhaustive. Justify. (2)

3) Two identical urns contain counters. Urn I contains 4 black and 7 white counters and urn II
contains 3 black, 1 white, and 4 yellow counters. An urn is selected at random and then a
counter is removed.

a) What is the probability that a black counter is drawn? (4)

b) What is the probability that you obtain a counter from urn II, given that the counter is
black? (3)
4) The random variable W can take the values -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. The probability of W
being 0 is . The probabilities for all the other values of X are equal.

a) Find the expected value of W, denoted E(W). (3)

b) Find the standard deviation of W, denoted by (3)

c) Find P(X < E(W) - 2 ). (3)