HOUSEHOLD HEALTH

SURVEY IN SEREMBAN
ME213
Group 1
 OBJECTIVES
• To describe socio-demography of study area
• To identify common vectors and pests
• To study the relationship between ethnicity and
prevalence of diabetes in the community
• To identify the relationship between level of income
and health seeking behaviour in the community
 INTRODUCTION

• Seremban is the capital of Negeri Sembilan.

• It is situated about 60km south from Kuala
Lumpur.
• It has a total population of 372,917 people.
STUDY AREA:
HOUSING
ESTATES
ENCLOSED BY
LEBUHRAYA
UTARA SELATAN
AND JALAN
RASAH
 METHODOLOGY
• Study design : Community based cross-sectional study
• Study period : 2nd-3rd July 2015
• Study area : Population in Taman Permai, Taman
Permai III, Taman Ban Aik, Kampung Baru
Rasah
• Sampling technique : Convenience sampling
• Sample size : 245
• Study instrument : Questionnaires
• Statistical analysis : SPSS version 22
• Inclusion criteria : Malaysian residents over 18 years old and
residing in Taman Permai, Taman
Permai III, Taman Ban Aik, and
Kampung Baru Rasah

• Exclusion criteria : People below 18 years old

: Non-Malaysians
RESULTS
 Race
Frequency Percentage (%)
Malay 31 12.7
Chinese 98 40
Indian 116 47.3
Total 245 100.0

Gender
Frequency Percentage (%)
Male 115 46.9
Female 130 53.1
Total 245 100.0
Distribution of race across ages
Malays Chinese Indian Total

<20 0 0 4 (100%) 4

20-29 8 (23.5%) 10 (29.4%) 16 (47.1%) 34

30-39 7 (20.0%) 13 (37.1%) 15 (42.9%) 35

40-49 6 (14.0%) 22 (51.2%) 15 (34.9%) 43

50-59 5 (10.4%) 23 (47.9%) 20 (41.7%) 48

> / = 60 5 (6.3%) 30 (37.5%) 45 (56.3%) 80

Total 31 98 116 245

 Highest Level of Education
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
OCCUPATION
Student 4%
Retiree
21% Professional
20.5%
Non-
professiona
l…

Employed
57%
Housewife Semi-
17% professional
63.6%
Unemployed 1%
 INCOME (RM PER MONTH)
45 42.1
40

35

30
24.7
25
19.1
20

15
9.8
10
4.3
5

0
≤ 1000 1001-3000 3001-5000 5001-10000 >10000
DO YOU HAVE PESTS AROUND YOUR
HOUSE

No
41%

Yes
59%
 TYPES OF PEST
120

100

80

68.2
60 77.6 78
98 93.1
40

20
31.8
22.4 22
2 6.9
0
Mosquitoes Cockroaches Houseflies Rats Ants
 TYPES OF PESTS

16.3%
Mosquitoes

5.31%
3.67%
6.1% 4.1%
Cockcroache Rats
s
9.3%
HOW MANY TIMES IS FOGGING CARRIED OUT
IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD

38%
45%

15% 2…

Never Once a week Once a month With case

 CHRONIC ILLNESSES
50
45
40 43.3
35
35.1
30
25
20
15
10 13.1
5 7.8
5.7
0
Diabetes Hypertension Asthma Osteoporosis CHD
 CHRONIC ILLNESSES

20.8%
12.7%
Hypertension 22.0%
Diabetes
 LIFESTYLE
Yes No

29.5

80.4 75.5

70.5

19.6 24.2
SMOKING ALCOHOL EXERCISE
WHERE DO YOU GO TO FOR MEDICAL
TREATMENT
Government Private Traditional Others

2%
2%

44% 52%
DO YOU GO FOR ANNUAL CHECK UP

No
42%

Yes
58%
DISCUSSION
 OCCUPATION/INCOME
• 57.2% of the respondents were employed, while 20.6% were retirees
and 17.3% of them were housewives.

• 42.1% of the respondents earned between RM 1,001 and RM 3,000

monthly.

• 19.1% of the respondents earned between RM 3,001 and RM5, 000 per
month.

• 20.6 % of the respondents are retired and receive pension.

 PESTS AND FOGGING
• 59.2% of the households are infested with pests.

• Mosquitos are the main pests (31.8%) found.

• Fogging was not done in 44% of the households.

• In 38% of the households, fogging was only done when there is

dengue case.
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHNICITY
AND DIABETES
Anyone in the family Total Chi square P value
2
household suffers from (x )
diabetes

Yes No

Malay 4 27 (87.1%) 31 (100.0%) 21.954 <0.05

(12.9%)

Chinese 25 (25.5%) 72 (74.5%) 98 (100.0%)

Indian 57 (49.1%) 59 (50.9%) 116 (100.0%)

Total 86 158 245

 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD
MONTHLY INCOME GROUPS AND PLACE TO SEEK
FOR TREATMENT
Types of Medical Assistance (%)
Chi
Square
Government Private Traditional Total P value
(×2)

Monthly 0 1 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (100)

Household </= 1000 54 (100)
31 (59.6) 20 (35.1) 3 (5.3)
Income
1001-3000 34 98 (100)
63 (64.7) 1 (1)
(34.3)
3001-5000 20 (44.4) 25 (55.6) 0 (0) 45 (100)
30.495 <0.05
5001- 17 22 (100)
5 (26.1) 0 (0)
10000 (73.9)
>10000 3 (30) 7 (70) 0 (0) 10 (100)
Total 103 232 (100)
123 (54.5) 4 (1.7)
(43.8)
Ref the Third National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) 2006
 CONCLUSIONS
• 42.1% of the respondents earned between RM 1,001 and RM 3,000 monthly.

• Mosquitos are the main pests (31.8%) in the households.

• Majority of respondents in the RM1001-3000 income group will seek public health
care.
 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
• Limited sample of respondents from different ethnicities
• Limited sample sizes over a wide area of study due to lack of
response from the residents
• Timing of visits during working hours
• Questionnaires have to be prepared in a short form due to
nature of study causing insufficient data
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The team wishes to express heartfelt gratitude to:

• Prof Hematram Yadav for his guidance in conducting the study,

• the staff at KK Rasah Seremban for their assistance, and

• residents of Seremban.
 REFERENCES
● Feisul MI, Azmi S. (Eds). National Diabetes Registry Report, Volume 1, 2009-2012.
Kuala Lumpur; Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2013 Jul
● Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Vector control in Malaysia.
Consultative Meeting/Workshop on Management of Vector Control Programs:
2008
● Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. Pelan Strategik Pencegahan dan Kawalan
Denggi 2009-2013. Bahagian Kawalan Penyakit, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia;
2009.
● [1] Bureau of Labour Statistics, May 2014 National Occupational Employment and
Wage Estimates United States, [online], 2014, [2015 March 25]. Available from:
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm, [7th July 2015]
● Amal NM, Paramesarvathy R, et al. Prevalence of Chronic Illness and Health Seeking Behavior
in Malaysian Population: Results from the Third http://www.e-
mjm.org/2011/v66n1/NHMS_III_Malaysia.pdf